Soomaaliya iyo Qaramada Midoobay

Sidee bay maanta u xiriiraan Soomaaliya iyo Qaramada Midoobay?

Soomaaliya waa xubin buuxda oo Qaramada Midoobay (QM) ah. Waxay kursi ku-meel-gaar ah ku leedahay Golaha Ammaanka 2025 iyo 2026. Kursigaas waxay ku guulaysatay 6 June 2024, iyadoo Golaha Guud ka heshay 179 cod (Golaha Guud ee QM, A/78/PV.86, 6 June 2024; UN News, 6 June 2024).

Hawlgalkii siyaasadeed ee ugu dambeeyay ee QM, UNTMIS, wuxuu shaqada joojiyay 31 October 2026 (Al Jazeera, 31 October 2026). Hay'adaha QM sida UNICEF, WFP iyo WHO way sii joogaan (Citizen Digital, 27 October 2026).

QM waxay xafiiskeeda UNSOS ku siisaa saadka ciidamada Midowga Afrika ee AUSSOM. Golaha Ammaanka wuxuu AUSSOM u kordhiyay ilaa 31 December 2026 go'aanka 2809, oo 23 December 2025 lagu ansixiyay 15 cod (UN Project, S/RES/2809).

Qorshaha gargaarka 2026, oo la daahfuray 26 January 2026, wuxuu codsaday US$852 milyan si loo gaaro 2.4 milyan oo qof (QM Soomaaliya, January 2026). Qorshihii 2025 wuxuu codsaday US$1.4 bilyan, waxaana la helay 27% (Africanews, 27 January 2026).

Goorma ayay Soomaaliya ku biirtay QM?

QM waxay 1950 ilaa 1960 maamulaysay Soomaalidii Talyaaniga, iyadoo Talyaanigu maamule ahaa. Eeg Maamulkii QM, 1950 ilaa 1960.

Golaha Ammaanka wuxuu 5 July 1960 ku taliyay in Soomaaliya xubin laga dhigo, go'aanka 141, 11 cod (UN Digital Library, S/RES/141). Golaha Guud wuxuu Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya xubin ka dhigay 20 September 1960, go'aanka 1479 (XV), cod la'aan (UN Digital Library, A/RES/1479).

Maxay Soomaaliya bixisaa, maxayse hesho?

Soomaaliya badanaa way ka dib dhacday lacagta xubinnimada. Qodobka 19 ee Axdiga, dalka laba sano oo buuxda lagu leeyahay wuxuu waayi karaa codka Golaha Guud (QM, GA/AB/4356, 2020).

Golaha Guud marar badan ayuu Soomaaliya u oggolaaday inay codkeeda haysato, isagoo sheegay in deynta ay ka timid "xaalado aan awoodeeda ku jirin" (QM, A/RES/73/4, 2018; Hiiraan Online, October 2022). Sannadkii 2022, lacagta ugu yar ee looga baahnaa si aysan codka u waayin waxay ahayd US$1,443,640 (isla Hiiraan).

Gargaarka bini'aadannimo inta badan hay'adaha QM ayaa wada. Eeg Gargaarka iyo maalgelinta bini'aadannimo.

Yaa Soomaaliya u matalay QM?

• Cabdiraxiim Abby Faarax: Wakiilka joogtada ah ee Soomaaliya ee New York 1965 ilaa 1972. Wuxuu guddoomiye ka ahaa Guddiga Gaarka ah ee ka soo horjeeda Midab-takoorka 1969 ilaa 1972, kadibna wuxuu 1979 noqday sarkaal sare oo QM ah (Hiiraan Online, June 2018; Goobjoog, 2018).
• Abuukar Daahir Cismaan: Wakiilka joogtada ah tan iyo 2017. Ka hor wuxuu ahaa agaasimaha xafiiska madaxweynaha 2014 ilaa 2017 (QM, BIO/4988, 2017; Ergada Soomaaliya ee QM). Wuxuu guddoomiye ka ahaa Golaha Ammaanka bishii January 2026 (QM, 2 January 2026; Anadolu, January 2026).
• Cabdulqawi Axmed Yuusuf: garsoore Soomaali ah oo ka tirsan Maxkamadda Caddaaladda Caalamiga ah. Waxaa loo doortay guddoomiyaha maxkamadda 6 February 2018, muddo saddex sano ah (Africanews, 6 February 2018). Wuxuu ka tagay 30 September 2025 (AllAfrica, June 2025).

Yaa hoggaaminayay shaqada QM ee Soomaaliya?

Wakiillada gaarka ah ee Xoghayaha Guud, sida ay isugu xigeen:

• Maxamed Saxnuun (Aljeeriya): la magacaabay 28 April 1992 (QM, UNOSOM I).
• Ismat Kittani (Ciraaq): la magacaabay 3 November 1992 (isla ilo).
• Admiral Jonathan Howe (Mareykan): laga bilaabo 9 March 1993, UNOSOM II (QM, UNOSOM II).
• Lansana Kouyaté (Guinea): ku-xigeen, kadib ku-meel-gaar laga bilaabo February 1994 (isla ilo).
• James Victor Gbeho (Ghana): laga bilaabo 1 July 1994 (isla ilo).
• François Lonseny Fall (Guinea): madaxa UNPOS ee Nairobi, May 2005 (UN Digital Library, 2005).
• Axmedu Ould-Cabdalla (Muritaaniya): laga bilaabo September 2007 (UNPOS).
• Augustine Mahiga (Tansaaniya): la magacaabay 9 June 2010 (UNPOS).
• Nicholas Kay (Ingiriiska): madaxii ugu horreeyay ee UNSOM, April 2013 (UNSOM).
• Michael Keating (Ingiriiska): la magacaabay 23 November 2015 (UNSOM).
• Nicholas Haysom (Koonfur Afrika): la magacaabay September 2018; dowladdu waxay 1 January 2019 ku dhawaaqday inaan loo baahnayn (The EastAfrican, January 2019).
• James Swan (Mareykan): la magacaabay May 2019, wuxuu joogay ilaa 2022; wuxuu ku soo laabtay ku-meel-gaar May 2024 (QM Soomaaliya; Hiiraan Online, 15 May 2024).
• Catriona Laing (Ingiriiska): la magacaabay 3 May 2023, waxay tagtay May 2024 (QM, SG/A/2199).
• Raisedon Zenenga (Zimbabwe): ku-xigeenka iyo masuulkii UNTMIS markii la xirayay (UNTMIS). Wuxuu 26 October 2026 Muqdisho ku hoggaamiyay xafladda xiritaanka, isagoo la jira Ra'iisul Wasaare ku-xigeenka Saalax Axmed Jaamac (Dawan Africa, October 2026).
• George Conway: ku-xigeen, isku-duwaha QM iyo gargaarka bini'aadannimo ee Soomaaliya (UNTMIS).

Taliyihii ciidamada UNOSOM II wuxuu ahaa Jeneraal Çevik Bir oo Turki ah (QM, UNOSOM II).

Hawlgallo noocee ah ayay QM Soomaaliya ka yeelatay?

• UNOSOM I, 1992 ilaa 1993: go'aanka 751, 24 April 1992, si loo ilaaliyo xabbad-joojinta Muqdisho (QM, UNOSOM I).
• UNITAF: ciidan uu Mareykanku hoggaaminayay, go'aanka 794, 3 December 1992; March 1993 waxay gaareen 37,000 (isla ilo).
• UNOSOM II, 1993 ilaa 1995: go'aanka 814, 26 March 1993. Ciidamadii ugu dambeeyay waxay baxeen 2 March 1995 (QM, UNOSOM II).
• UNPOS, 1995 ilaa 2013: Xafiiska Siyaasadda QM ee Soomaaliya, la aasaasay 15 April 1995 (UNPOS).
• UNSOM, 2013 ilaa 2024: go'aanka 2102, 2 May 2013 (Security Council Report).
• UNSOS, laga bilaabo 2015: go'aanka 2245, 9 November 2015 (isla ilo).
• UNTMIS, 2024 ilaa 2026: go'aanka 2753, 30 October 2024 (QM, S/RES/2753).

UNSOM waxay xafiisyo ku lahayd Muqdisho, Kismaayo, Hargeysa, Garoowe, Baydhabo iyo Beledweyne (UNSOM). Hay'adaha sii jooga eeg Hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee Soomaaliya.

Maxay Golaha Ammaanku ka go'aamiyeen Soomaaliya?

• 23 January 1992, go'aanka 733: cunaqabateyn hub (QM, UNOSOM I).
• 24 April 1992, go'aanka 751: UNOSOM iyo guddi la socda cunaqabateynta (S/RES/751).
• 3 December 1992, go'aanka 794: oggolaansho "dhammaan hababka lagama maarmaanka ah" si gargaarka loo gaarsiiyo (QM).
• 26 March 1993, go'aanka 814: UNOSOM II (S/RES/814).
• 4 November 1994, go'aanka 954: muddadii ugu dambeysay ee UNOSOM II, ilaa 31 March 1995 (QM).
• 22 February 2012, go'aanka 2036: ciidamada AU laga dhigay 17,731 (Security Council Report).
• 6 March 2013, go'aanka 2093: qayb ka mid ah cunaqabateynta hubka ayaa dowladda looga qaaday (isla ilo).
• 1 December 2023, go'aanka 2714: cunaqabateyntii hubka ee 1992 ayaa dowladda laga qaaday. Go'aanka 2713 wuxuu Al-Shabaab ku sii daayay cunaqabateynta (Security Council Report, S/RES/2713; UN Project, S/RES/2714).
• December 2023, go'aanka 2719: hawlgallada AU waxaa 75% laga bixin karaa miisaaniyadda QM (ISS Africa). May 2025 golaha kuma heshiin in AUSSOM lagu dabaqo (Security Council Report, May 2025).
• 30 October 2024, go'aanka 2753: UNTMIS ayaa beddeshay UNSOM (S/RES/2753).
• 27 December 2024, go'aanka 2767: AUSSOM la ansixiyay; Mareykanku codka ka aamusay (Stimson Center, 2025).
• 23 December 2025, go'aanka 2809: AUSSOM ilaa 31 December 2026, UNTMIS-na waa in la xiraa 31 October 2026 (UN Project).

Golaha wuxuu 2008 ilaa 2021 sannad walba u oggolaaday ciidamada badda ee shisheeye inay burcad-badeedda la dagaallamaan; kii ugu dambeeyay, go'aanka 2608, wuxuu ahaa 3 December 2021 (Security Council Report).

Sidee buu u dhammaaday hawlgalkii ugu dambeeyay?

May 2024 wasiirka arrimaha dibadda wuxuu Golaha Ammaanka u qoray in UNSOM la joojiyo October 2024 (The EastAfrican, May 2024). Dowladdu waxay kadib soo jeedisay muddo kala-guur ah oo laba sano ah, oo uu Madaxweyne Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud soo jeediyay (TRT Afrika, October 2024). Hawlihii waxay u wareegeen hay'adaha Soomaalida iyo hay'adaha QM (Citizen Digital).

Amniga

Tan iyo markii UNOSOM II baxday 1995, doorka amni ee QM wuxuu ahaa inay oggolaato hawlgallada Midowga Afrika, saadka ku siiso UNSOS, una maamusho cunaqabateynta. Eeg AMISOM, ATMIS, AUSSOM iyo Ciidamada shisheeye ee Soomaaliya.

Sidee bay QM ula macaamishaa Somaliland iyo dowlad-goboleedyada?

• Somaliland: QM waxay Somaliland u aragtaa qayb ka mid ah Soomaaliya. Hawlgallada QM xafiis ayay Hargeysa ku lahaayeen (UNSOM).
• Aqoonsiga Israa'iil: kadib markii Israa'iil aqoonsatay Somaliland 26 December 2025, Golaha Ammaanku wuxuu shir yeeshay 29 December 2025, codsi Soomaaliya (QM, SC/16270). 14 ka mid ah 15-ka xubnood ayaa dhaleeceeyay; Mareykanku wuxuu sheegay in siyaasaddiisa Soomaaliya aysan isbeddelin (Al Jazeera, 30 December 2025). Go'aan lama ansixin (UN Project, S/PV.10084).
• Dowlad-goboleedyada: UNSOM waxay xafiisyo ku lahayd Garoowe, Kismaayo, Baydhabo iyo Beledweyne (UNSOM).

Ma jireen khilaafaad?

• 1993: 5 June 1993 waxaa la dilay 25 askari oo Pakistani ah, 3 October 1993-na 18 askari oo Mareykan ah (QM, UNOSOM II).
• 2019: Haysom wuxuu su'aal ka keenay xariggii Mukhtaar Roobow. Wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda waxay tiri "looma baahna, kamana shaqayn karo dalkan" (The EastAfrican). Xoghayaha Guud Guterres wuxuu sheegay inuu "kalsooni buuxda" ku qabo Haysom (UN News).
• Maalgelinta AUSSOM: Golaha kuma heshiin 2025 in go'aanka 2719 lagu maalgeliyo AUSSOM (Security Council Report).

Bogag la xiriira

• Hay'adaha caalamiga ah ee Soomaaliya
• Maamulkii QM, 1950 ilaa 1960
• Faragelintii QM, 1992 ilaa 1995
• Cunaqabateynta hubka, 1992 ilaa 2023
• Soomaaliya iyo Midowga Afrika