Somalia and Ethiopia
Somalia–Ethiopia relations: the Ogaden wars, the 1988 accord, the 2024 Somaliland port deal, the Ankara Declaration, khat trade, envoys and visits.
Soomaaliya iyo adduunka
Somalia and the world
Somalia's relations with every country and international body: diplomacy, aid, trade, security and recognition, including ties with Somaliland and the member states, as each government states them. Every fact links to its source.
Neighbours and the Horn
Somalia and Djibouti
Somalia–Djibouti relations: Arta 2000, the 2008–09 Djibouti process, Djiboutian troops in AMISOM and AUSSOM, Somaliland talks, trade, envoys and visits.
Somalia and Kenya
Somalia–Kenya relations: the NFD and Shifta war, the 1967 Arusha accord, the ICJ sea border case, miraa trade, diplomatic breaks, Dadaab and EAC entry.
Somalia and Eritrea
Somalia–Eritrea relations: the 2009 UN sanctions and their 2018 lifting, the 2018 declarations, troops trained in Eritrea, Asmara and El Alamein summits.
Somalia and Yemen
Somalia–Yemen relations: Gulf of Aden trade, Hadrami and Somali communities, refugees both ways, the 2006 Aden Declaration, the Houthi era, envoys and trade.
Somalia and Sudan
Somalia–Sudan relations: Abboud's 1964 mediation, Somali students in Khartoum, the 2006 Khartoum talks, the 2023 evacuation, Bosaso flights and El Alamein.
Somalia and South Sudan
Somalia–South Sudan relations: 2011 recognition, Somali traders and the liberation struggle, the East African Community, envoys, calls and positions on Somaliland.
Rest of Africa
Somalia and Egypt
Egypt and Somalia from Punt to 2026: the 1957 killing of Kamal al-Din Salah, the 2024 defence protocol, trade, flights and Somaliland.
Somalia and Uganda
Uganda and Somalia from the 1972 Mogadishu Agreement to 2026: AU troops since 2007, the Joint Permanent Commission, trade, students and Somaliland.
Somalia and Tanzania
Tanzania and Somalia: Somali Bantu roots, the 1972 Mogadishu Agreement, the 2024 state visit, nine agreements, Air Tanzania, trade and the EAC.
Somalia and Burundi
Burundi and Somalia: AU troops since 2007, the 2024 dispute over AUSSOM numbers, presidential visits to Bujumbura, trade and the Jowhar contingent.
Somalia and Rwanda
Rwanda and Somalia: the 2005 AU mission to Somaliland, air services deal, Kagame and Hassan Sheikh, the 2025 cooperation agreement, trade and evacuees.
Somalia and South Africa
South Africa and Somalia: 2012 diplomatic relations, the Pretoria embassy, ministers and envoys, trade, aid, Somaliland contacts and attacks on Somali traders.
Somalia and Libya
Libya and Somalia: the 1974 Kismayo airport loan, the 1977 and 1981 breaks, Gaddafi and the transitional government, the 2025 Tripoli visit and migration.
Somalia and Sierra Leone
Somalia–Sierra Leone relations: the 2013–2015 AMISOM battalion in Kismayo, Ebola withdrawal, Sierra Leonean police chiefs of AMISOM and ATMIS, UN votes.
Somalia and Morocco
Somalia and Morocco: relations since 1979, the 2019 MoUs, the 2026–2028 roadmap, 120 scholarships a year, Western Sahara, trade and Somaliland.
Somalia and Algeria
Somalia and Algeria: relations since 1974, the 2025 agreements and state visit, scholarships, debt forgiveness, the UN Security Council and Somaliland.
Somalia and Tunisia
Somalia and Tunisia: relations since 1969, envoys, ministerial meetings, trade, and Tunisia's position on Somaliland.
Gulf and Middle East
Somalia and Turkey
Somalia and Turkey: Ottoman links, Erdoğan's 2011 visit, the embassy, port, airport and hospital, the 2024 sea and oil deals, the Ankara Declaration.
Somalia and the UAE
Somalia and the UAE: Dubai trade, DP World at Berbera and Bosaso, Puntland and Jubaland ties, the 2018 cash seizure and the 2026 cancellation of agreements.
Somalia and Qatar
Somalia and Qatar: embassies, the 2015 and 2018 agreements, the Hobyo port project, aid through QFFD and Qatar Charity, the 2026 defence deal.
Somalia and Saudi Arabia
Somalia and Saudi Arabia: relations since 1960, the livestock trade, aid, the 2013–2014 deportations, the 2016 break with Iran and the 2026 military pact.
Somalia and Oman
Somalia and Oman: Omani rule over the Banaadir coast, relations since 1980, the 1983 air agreement, and trade in livestock and goods.
Somalia and Kuwait
Somalia and Kuwait: relations since 1964, the Kuwait Fund loans and debt relief, the 1990 Gulf War, aid and trade.
Somalia and Iran
Somalia and Iran: Persian traders on the coast, relations from 1972, the 2016 break, trade, charcoal shipments through Iran and piracy.
Somalia and Israel
Somalia and Israel: no relations since 1960, Israel's 26 December 2025 recognition of Somaliland, embassies, envoys and the reactions.
Somalia and Jordan
Somalia and Jordan: relations since 1967, ambassadors, the Aqaba Process, the 2025 defence deal, trade, and Jordan's position on Somaliland.
Somalia and Bahrain
Somalia and Bahrain: relations since 1972, ambassadors, 2011–2012 aid projects, livestock trade, the 2018 Gulf dispute and Somaliland.
Somalia and Iraq
Somalia and Iraq: relations since 1966, the Jasiira refinery, the 1990 Gulf War split, the Baghdad embassy, debt, visits and Somaliland.
Somalia and Syria
Somalia and Syria: relations since 1964, Syrian pilots in the 1977 war, Somali refugees in Syria, the 2025 ambassador and Syria's position on Somaliland.
Somalia and Palestine
Somalia and Palestine: recognition in 1988, envoys, Somali support at the UN and Arab League, Gaza aid, and the Somaliland and displacement dispute.
Europe
Somalia and Norway
Norway and Somalia: the 2013 aid deal, the Special Financing Facility, the 2020 bridge loan, special envoys, Oslo meetings and Somaliland ties.
Somalia and the United Kingdom
UK–Somalia relations: British Somaliland, the 1963 break, the 2013 embassy, London conferences, aid, trade, Somaliland and the UN pen.
Somalia and Sweden
Sweden and Somalia: recognition in 1960, ambassadors since 1961, the Nairobi Somalia Section, Sida aid strategies, trade and the 2026 visa curbs.
Somalia and Denmark
Denmark and Somalia: the 1981 loan, Danish aid since 1980, the Hargeisa and Mogadishu offices, the DKK 1.1 billion 2024–2028 framework and Somaliland policy.
Somalia and Finland
Finland and Somalia: relations since 1971, Finnish aid, peace mediation through Suldaan Said Ahmed and Finn Church Aid, trade, and the Somali community.
Somalia and Spain
Spain and Somalia: the Alakrana case, Atalanta's Rota headquarters, EU training mission, ambassador accreditation in 2012, visits, trade and aid.
Somalia and Belgium
Belgium and Somalia: relations since 1960, Belgian troops in Kismayo in 1993, the 2013 Brussels New Deal conference, trade and aid.
Somalia and Ireland
Ireland and Somalia: Irish troops in Baidoa 1993–94, EUTM Somalia, Irish Aid via Concern and Trócaire, the Nairobi embassy and trade.
Somalia and Italy
Italy–Somalia relations: colony and trusteeship, 1960s aid, the 1990s Ibis mission, the 2014 embassy, EU training command, trade and aid.
Somalia and France
France–Somalia relations: Djibouti and the 1960s, the Nairobi embassy, EU missions, debt, trade, Somaliland projects and UN positions.
Somalia and Germany
Germany–Somalia relations: ties since 1960, the 1977 Landshut rescue in Mogadishu, aid of about €546 million, federal support, trade and refugees.
Somalia and Russia
Russia–Somalia relations: Soviet arms and advisers from 1962, Berbera, the 1974 treaty, the 1977 break, wheat trade and UN positions.
Somalia and the Netherlands
Netherlands–Somalia relations: focus-country aid, the 2023–2026 strategy, the Nairobi embassy and Mogadishu consul, trade and the Somali Dutch.
Somalia and Switzerland
Switzerland–Somalia relations: recognition in 1960, the Nairobi-based programme, CHF 112 million for 2026–2029, trade, scholarships and Somalis in Switzerland.
The Americas
Somalia and the United States
US–Somalia relations, 1960 to 2026: ambassadors, the 1991 embassy closure, 2013 recognition, aid, debt relief, remittances and Somaliland.
Somalia and Canada
Canada–Somalia relations: 1968 ties, the 1993 Belet Huen deployment and Somalia Inquiry, 2013 restoration, aid, trade and Somali Canadians in public life.
Somalia and Brazil
Somalia and Brazil: relations since 1987, accreditation from Nairobi, and sugar and chicken exports of US$126 to 175 million a year.
Somalia and Cuba
Somalia and Cuba: 1970s ties, Cuban advisers in Somalia, Castro's 1977 mediation, the switch to Ethiopia in the Ogaden War and the November 1977 break.
Asia and the Pacific
Somalia and China
China–Somalia relations since 1960: ambassadors, Zhou Enlai's 1964 visit, the National Theatre, Benadir Hospital, trade, aid and Taiwan.
Somalia and Japan
Japan–Somalia relations: the Tokyo embassy of 1982 to 1990, the 2014 Abe–Hassan Sheikh meeting, JICA projects, aid by year and anti-piracy work.
Somalia and India
India–Somalia relations: Indian Ocean trade, ties since 1960, UNOSOM II, US$800 million a year in trade, scholarships, aid and Operation Sankalp.
Somalia and Pakistan
Pakistan–Somalia relations: OIC ties, Pakistani troops in UNOSOM, rice trade, Somali students, the Karachi consulate and the 2026 security talks.
Somalia and Malaysia
Malaysia–Somalia relations: UNOSOM II, palm oil and dairy exports, Somali students and refugees in Malaysia, and the 2025 education delegation.
Somalia and Bangladesh
Somalia–Bangladesh relations: UNOSOM troops, the Jahan Moni and MV Abdullah piracy cases, trade in food and sugar, envoys and talks from 2021 to 2026.
Somalia and Australia
Somalia and Australia: 1978 fisheries help, UN missions and Operation Solace, relations since 2010, aid by year, trade and Somali Australians.
Somalia and Indonesia
Somalia and Indonesia: relations since 1960, the Nairobi embassy, UN peacekeeping in the 1990s, and palm oil and clothing exports worth US$163 million in 2025.
Somalia and North Korea
Somalia and North Korea: relations since 1967, Siad Barre's visit, the joint 1991 escape from Mogadishu, and UN sanctions panel findings.
Somalia and South Korea
Somalia and South Korea: relations since 1987, the 1991 Mogadishu escape, ambassadors, the Cheonghae anti-piracy unit, trade, KOICA aid and UN positions.
Somalia and Taiwan
Somalia, Somaliland and Taiwan: the 2020 representative offices, each side's stated position, China's statements, the 2025 travel-document ban, aid and trade.
International and regional bodies
Somalia and the United Nations
Somalia at the UN since 1960: membership, Security Council seats, UNOSOM, UNPOS, UNSOM and UNTMIS, envoys, key resolutions, and the Somaliland question.
Somalia and the African Union
Somalia and the AU since 1963: membership, the AMISOM, ATMIS and AUSSOM missions, envoys, key Peace and Security Council decisions, funding gaps and Somaliland.
Somalia and IGAD
Somalia in IGAD: founding member since 1986, the IGAD mission in Mogadishu, the people who lead it, recent statements on Somali politics, and Somaliland.
Somalia and the Arab League
Somalia in the Arab League since 1974: why it joined, Arab aid and loans, debt talks with Arab funds, and the League's stance on Somaliland in 2025.
Somalia and the OIC
Somalia in the OIC since 1969: the Rabat summit, the 2011 famine office, the contact group, Islamic Development Bank loans and the Somaliland resolutions.
Somalia and the EAC
Somalia in the East African Community: the 2012 application, admission in 2023, full membership on 4 March 2024, the people who led it, and Somaliland.
Somalia and the European Union
Somalia and the EU: EEC association, Operation Atalanta from 2008, EUTM and EUCAP Somalia, the EU Special Representative, aid and debt relief, and Somaliland.
Somalia and the World Bank
Somalia and the World Bank: projects since 1965, the 1991 break, arrears cleared in 2020, HIPC debt relief and a US$2.34 billion portfolio.
Somalia and the IMF
Somalia and the IMF since 1962: quota, 16 lending arrangements, arrears, the 2020 to 2023 debt relief, the current ECF and the people who led it.
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