Species lists

Flowering plants of Somalia: families Sapindaceae to Zygophyllaceae (218 species)

GBIF holds records of 3,065 species of broad-leaved flowering plants (dicots) from Somalia. This page lists the 218 species in the families Sapindaceae to Zygophyllaceae, in alphabetical order of family; legumes have their own page.

Last checked 2026-11-13 150 sources Reading time: 12 min

In short

On 12 November 2026 the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the international open database of species records, held records of 218 flowering plant (families Sapindaceae to Zygophyllaceae) species with Somalia as the country, in 23 families (GBIF occurrence search, Somalia).

The largest families by number of species on record are (GBIF Backbone Taxonomy):

  • Solanaceae: 45
  • Zygophyllaceae: 36
  • Verbenaceae: 28
  • Vitaceae: 24
  • Sapindaceae: 16
  • Sapotaceae: 10
  • Scrophulariaceae: 10
  • Urticaceae: 6
  • Wellstediaceae: 5
  • Turneraceae: 5

Most often recorded

The species with the most GBIF records from Somalia are Gnidia somalensis (106), Solanum somalense (90), Kelleronia gillettiae (82), simple-leaved bean caper (78), bitter-apple (68), Fagonia socotrana (60) (GBIF occurrence search, Somalia).

34 of the 218 species have a single record from Somalia (same source).

Named after Somali places

10 species on this list carry Somalia or a Somali place in their scientific name, for example Wellstedia somalensis, Mimusops somalensis, Lippia somalensis, Viola somalensis, Gnidia somalensis, Solanum jubae, Solanum somalense, Vahlia somalensis, Tetraena migiurtinorum, Tetraena somalensis (GBIF Backbone Taxonomy).

Species under threat

The IUCN Red List places these species in a threatened category (GBIF species API, IUCN Red List category):

  • Endangered: Canjeel (IUCN via GBIF)
  • Vulnerable: Wellstedia socotrana, Mimusops somalensis, Camptolepis ramiflora (IUCN via GBIF)

All plant lists: Plants of Somalia.

How to read this list

A species is on this list when GBIF holds at least one record of it from Somalia. A record can be a museum specimen more than a century old, a sighting shared by an observer, or a specimen cited in a scientific paper. Some records are old and a few may be misidentified, so this is a list of records, not of what lives in Somalia today. Names follow the GBIF Backbone Taxonomy, which can lag behind the newest research.

Red List summary

  • Critically Endangered (CR): 0
  • Endangered (EN): 1
  • Vulnerable (VU): 3
  • Near Threatened (NT): 1
  • Least Concern (LC): 55
  • Data Deficient (DD): 1
  • Not Evaluated (NE): 157

Categories are from the IUCN Red List as published through GBIF (GBIF species API, IUCN Red List category).

Largest families

  • Solanaceae: 45 species
  • Zygophyllaceae: 36 species
  • Verbenaceae: 28 species
  • Vitaceae: 24 species
  • Sapindaceae: 16 species
  • Sapotaceae: 10 species
  • Scrophulariaceae: 10 species
  • Urticaceae: 6 species
  • Wellstediaceae: 5 species
  • Turneraceae: 5 species

Full list (218 species)

Each name links to its Calankii page where one exists, otherwise to its GBIF species page. "Records in Somalia" is the number of GBIF occurrence records with Somalia as the country, counted on 12 November 2026 (GBIF occurrence search, Somalia). The same rows, with Wikidata ids and more columns, are in the open data file species-recorded-in-somalia.csv.

This list is in 2 parts: 1 · 2

Name Scientific name Family Red List Records in Somalia
Allophylus abyssinicus Allophylus abyssinicus Sapindaceae LC 18
Allophylus ferrugineus Allophylus ferrugineus Sapindaceae LC 1
lowveld false-crowberry Allophylus rubifolius Sapindaceae LC 50
Camptolepis ramiflora Camptolepis ramiflora Sapindaceae VU 2
Faux-Persil Cardiospermum corindum Sapindaceae NE 12
Balloonvine Cardiospermum halicacabum Sapindaceae LC 21
Deinbollia borbonica Deinbollia borbonica Sapindaceae LC 2
Hopbush Dodonaea viscosa Sapindaceae LC 43
Haplocoelum foliolosum Haplocoelum foliolosum Sapindaceae LC 1
Haplocoelum inoploeum Haplocoelum inoploeum Sapindaceae LC 5
Hirania rosea Hirania rosea Sapindaceae NE 2
river-litchi Lecaniodiscus fraxinifolius Sapindaceae NE 1
Lepisanthes senegalensis Lepisanthes senegalensis Sapindaceae LC 1
Indaba tree Pappea capensis Sapindaceae LC 11
Bread And Cheese Paullinia pinnata Sapindaceae NE 1
Serjania seriana Serjania seriana Sapindaceae NE 1
Manilkara mochisia Manilkara mochisia Sapotaceae LC 12
African pear Manilkara obovata Sapotaceae LC 2
Manilkara sulcata Manilkara sulcata Sapotaceae LC 9
Canjeel Mimusops angel Sapotaceae EN 22
Mimusops fruticosa Mimusops fruticosa Sapotaceae NE 1
Mimusops laurifolia Mimusops laurifolia Sapotaceae NE 4
Forest Moepel Mimusops obtusifolia Sapotaceae NE 7
Mimusops somalensis Mimusops somalensis Sapotaceae VU 1
white milkwood Sideroxylon inerme Sapotaceae NE 8
Boot Sideroxylon mascatense Sapotaceae LC 55
Mossy Saxifrage Saxifraga hypnoides Saxifragaceae NE 1
Anticharis arabica Anticharis arabica Scrophulariaceae NE 5
Anticharis glandulosa Anticharis glandulosa Scrophulariaceae NE 5
Anticharis senegalensis Anticharis senegalensis Scrophulariaceae NE 8
Aptosimum pumilum Aptosimum pumilum Scrophulariaceae NE 4
Buddleja corrugata Buddleja corrugata Scrophulariaceae NE 1
Buddleja polystachya Buddleja polystachya Scrophulariaceae NE 3
Camptoloma lyperiiflorum Camptoloma lyperiiflorum Scrophulariaceae NE 6
Rhabdotosperma brevipedicellata Rhabdotosperma brevipedicellata Scrophulariaceae NE 2
Scrophularia arguta Scrophularia arguta Scrophulariaceae NE 12
qetetina Verbascum sinaiticum Scrophulariaceae NE 19
Brucea antidysenterica Brucea antidysenterica Simaroubaceae LC 6
Sweet Pepper Capsicum annuum Solanaceae LC 4
Recurved Thorn-apple, Pricklyburr, Downy thorn-apple Datura innoxia Solanaceae NE 16
hoary thorn-apple Datura metel Solanaceae NE 5
Thorn-apple Datura stramonium Solanaceae NE 17
Hyoscyamus grandiflorus Hyoscyamus grandiflorus Solanaceae NE 6
Hyoscyamus insanus Hyoscyamus insanus Solanaceae NE 5
boxthorn Lycium europaeum Solanaceae NE 8
Southern Boxthorn Lycium intricatum Solanaceae NE 3
African Honeythorn Lycium shawii Solanaceae LC 42
Apple of Peru Nicandra physalodes Solanaceae NE 3
Cut-leaved Ground-cherry Physalis angulata Solanaceae LC 2
Cape-gooseberry Physalis peruviana Solanaceae LC 2
Solanum alatum Solanum alatum Solanaceae NE 1
Small-flowered Nightshade Solanum americanum Solanaceae NE 1
Forest Bitterberry Solanum anguivi Solanaceae LC 2
Solanum arundo Solanum arundo Solanaceae NE 7
Apple of Sodom Solanum campylacanthum Solanaceae LC 47
Solanum coagulans Solanum coagulans Solanaceae LC 51
Solanum cordatum Solanum cordatum Solanaceae LC 13
Solanum cymbalariifolium Solanum cymbalariifolium Solanaceae DD 4
Solanum dasyphyllum Solanum dasyphyllum Solanaceae LC 2
Solanum dennekense Solanum dennekense Solanaceae LC 3
Solanum forskalii Solanum forskalii Solanaceae LC 8
Solanum forsskaolii Solanum forsskaolii Solanaceae NE 6
Solanum glabratum Solanum glabratum Solanaceae LC 30
Solanum hastifolium Solanum hastifolium Solanaceae LC 17
bitter-apple Solanum incanum Solanaceae LC 68
Solanum jubae Solanum jubae Solanaceae LC 38
Tomato Solanum lycopersicum Solanaceae NE 14
Solanum melastomoides Solanum melastomoides Solanaceae LC 40
Aubergine Solanum melongena Solanaceae NE 1
Solanum memphiticum Solanum memphiticum Solanaceae NE 3
Black Nightshade Solanum nigrum Solanaceae NE 7
Solanum pampaninii Solanum pampaninii Solanaceae LC 37
Solanum runsoriense Solanum runsoriense Solanaceae NE 2
Solanum schimperianum Solanum schimperianum Solanaceae LC 8
Solanum somalense Solanum somalense Solanaceae LC 90
Solanum tarderemotum Solanum tarderemotum Solanaceae NE 5
Mozambique Bitter Apple Solanum tettense Solanaceae LC 7
Red Nightshade Solanum villosum Solanaceae NE 12
Withania grisea Withania grisea Solanaceae NE 16
Withania reichenbachii Withania reichenbachii Solanaceae NE 9
Withania riebeckii Withania riebeckii Solanaceae NE 1
Withania Withania somnifera Solanaceae NE 55
Withania sphaerocarpa Withania sphaerocarpa Solanaceae NE 20
Chickenspike Sphenoclea zeylanica Sphenocleaceae LC 1
African honeysuckle Halleria lucida Stilbaceae LC 10
Bogwood Nuxia congesta Stilbaceae NE 30
River-Elder Nuxia oppositifolia Stilbaceae LC 15
flameflower Talinum portulacifolium Talinaceae LC 24
athel tamarisk Tamarix aphylla Tamaricaceae LC 5
Tamarix arborea Tamarix arborea Tamaricaceae NE 10
Tamarix mascatensis Tamarix mascatensis Tamaricaceae LC 1
Tamarix nilotica Tamarix nilotica Tamaricaceae LC 27
African Rue Peganum harmala Tetradiclidaceae NE 1
Osyridicarpos schimperianus Osyridicarpos schimperianus Thesiaceae NE 1
Thesium fastigiatum Thesium fastigiatum Thesiaceae NE 1
Thesium hararensis Thesium hararensis Thesiaceae NE 7
Gnidia latifolia Gnidia latifolia Thymelaeaceae NE 21
Gnidia somalensis Gnidia somalensis Thymelaeaceae NE 106
Gnidia stenophylloides Gnidia stenophylloides Thymelaeaceae NE 5
Synaptolepis kirkii Synaptolepis kirkii Thymelaeaceae LC 2
Loewia glandulosa Loewia glandulosa Turneraceae NE 1
Loewia glutinosa Loewia glutinosa Turneraceae NE 30
Streptopetalum arenarium Streptopetalum arenarium Turneraceae NE 9
Streptopetalum hildebrandtii Streptopetalum hildebrandtii Turneraceae NE 4
Streptopetalum serratum Streptopetalum serratum Turneraceae NE 5
Desert Nettle Forsskaolea tenacissima Urticaceae NE 6
Desert Nettle Forsskaolea viridis Urticaceae NE 8
Forsskaolea viridis Forsskaolea viridis Urticaceae NE 2
New Zealand Pellitory Parietaria debilis Urticaceae NE 5
Pouzolzia parasitica Pouzolzia parasitica Urticaceae NE 3
Small Nettle Urtica urens Urticaceae NE 6
Vahlia dichotoma Vahlia dichotoma Vahliaceae LC 1
Vahlia digyna Vahlia digyna Vahliaceae NE 1
Somali Toiing Vahlia somalensis Vahliaceae NE 20
Bouchea pseudochascanum Bouchea pseudochascanum Verbenaceae NE 1
Chascanum elburense Chascanum elburense Verbenaceae NE 8
Chascanum gillettii Chascanum gillettii Verbenaceae NE 18
Chascanum glandulosum Chascanum glandulosum Verbenaceae NE 1
Chascanum hildebrandtii Chascanum hildebrandtii Verbenaceae NE 8
Chascanum laetum Chascanum laetum Verbenaceae NE 3
Chascanum marrubiifolium Chascanum marrubiifolium Verbenaceae NE 3
Chascanum mixtum Chascanum mixtum Verbenaceae NE 10
Chascanum moldenkei Chascanum moldenkei Verbenaceae NE 11
Chascanum obovatum Chascanum obovatum Verbenaceae NE 4
Chascanum rariflorum Chascanum rariflorum Verbenaceae NE 5
Chascanum sessilifolium Chascanum sessilifolium Verbenaceae NE 5
Chascanum sulcatum Chascanum sulcatum Verbenaceae NE 6
Coelocarpum africanum Coelocarpum africanum Verbenaceae NE 13
Largeleaf Lantana Lantana camara Verbenaceae NE 8
Lantana petitiana Lantana petitiana Verbenaceae NE 13
Threeleaf Shrubverbena Lantana trifolia Verbenaceae NE 2
Lantana ukambensis Lantana ukambensis Verbenaceae NE 1
Lantana viburnoides Lantana viburnoides Verbenaceae NE 18
Lippia carviodora Lippia carviodora Verbenaceae NE 30
Lippia dauensis Lippia dauensis Verbenaceae NE 12
lemonbush Lippia javanica Verbenaceae NE 6
Lippia rugosa Lippia rugosa Verbenaceae NE 1
Lippia somalensis Lippia somalensis Verbenaceae NE 13
Frogfruit Phyla nodiflora Verbenaceae LC 37
Priva adhaerens Priva adhaerens Verbenaceae NE 33
Heartleaf velvetbur Priva cordifolia Verbenaceae NE 1
Vervain Verbena officinalis Verbenaceae NE 7
Hybanthus durus Hybanthus durus Violaceae NE 4
Pink Ladies-Slipper Pigea enneasperma Violaceae NE 18
red-fruit violetbush Rinorea elliptica Violaceae NE 7
Viola somalensis Viola somalensis Violaceae NE 4
Viola stocksii Viola stocksii Violaceae NE 14

This list is in 2 parts: 1 · 2

Sources

Sources

  1. GBIF occurrence search, Somalia · gbif.org
  2. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy · doi.org
  3. GBIF species API, IUCN Red List category · techdocs.gbif.org
  4. Allophylus abyssinicus · gbif.org
  5. lowveld false-crowberry · gbif.org
  6. Camptolepis ramiflora · gbif.org
  7. Faux-Persil · gbif.org
  8. Balloonvine · gbif.org
  9. Deinbollia borbonica · gbif.org
  10. Hopbush · gbif.org
  11. Haplocoelum foliolosum · gbif.org
  12. Haplocoelum inoploeum · gbif.org
  13. Hirania rosea · gbif.org
  14. river-litchi · gbif.org
  15. Lepisanthes senegalensis · gbif.org
  16. Indaba tree · gbif.org
  17. Bread And Cheese · gbif.org
  18. Serjania seriana · gbif.org
  19. Manilkara mochisia · gbif.org
  20. African pear · gbif.org
  21. Manilkara sulcata · gbif.org
  22. Canjeel · gbif.org
  23. Mimusops fruticosa · gbif.org
  24. Mimusops laurifolia · gbif.org
  25. Forest Moepel · gbif.org
  26. Mimusops somalensis · gbif.org
  27. white milkwood · gbif.org
  28. Boot · gbif.org
  29. Mossy Saxifrage · gbif.org
  30. Anticharis arabica · gbif.org
  31. Anticharis glandulosa · gbif.org
  32. Anticharis senegalensis · gbif.org
  33. Aptosimum pumilum · gbif.org
  34. Buddleja corrugata · gbif.org
  35. Buddleja polystachya · gbif.org
  36. Camptoloma lyperiiflorum · gbif.org
  37. Rhabdotosperma brevipedicellata · gbif.org
  38. Scrophularia arguta · gbif.org
  39. qetetina · gbif.org
  40. Brucea antidysenterica · gbif.org
  41. Sweet Pepper · gbif.org
  42. Recurved Thorn-apple, Pricklyburr, Downy thorn-apple · gbif.org
  43. hoary thorn-apple · gbif.org
  44. Thorn-apple · gbif.org
  45. Hyoscyamus grandiflorus · gbif.org
  46. Hyoscyamus insanus · gbif.org
  47. boxthorn · gbif.org
  48. Southern Boxthorn · gbif.org
  49. African Honeythorn · gbif.org
  50. Apple of Peru · gbif.org
  51. Cut-leaved Ground-cherry · gbif.org
  52. Cape-gooseberry · gbif.org
  53. Solanum alatum · gbif.org
  54. Small-flowered Nightshade · gbif.org
  55. Forest Bitterberry · gbif.org
  56. Solanum arundo · gbif.org
  57. Apple of Sodom · gbif.org
  58. Solanum coagulans · gbif.org
  59. Solanum cordatum · gbif.org
  60. Solanum cymbalariifolium · gbif.org
  61. Solanum dasyphyllum · gbif.org
  62. Solanum dennekense · gbif.org
  63. Solanum forskalii · gbif.org
  64. Solanum forsskaolii · gbif.org
  65. Solanum glabratum · gbif.org
  66. Solanum hastifolium · gbif.org
  67. bitter-apple · gbif.org
  68. Solanum jubae · gbif.org
  69. Tomato · gbif.org
  70. Solanum melastomoides · gbif.org
  71. Aubergine · gbif.org
  72. Solanum memphiticum · gbif.org
  73. Black Nightshade · gbif.org
  74. Solanum pampaninii · gbif.org
  75. Solanum runsoriense · gbif.org
  76. Solanum schimperianum · gbif.org
  77. Solanum somalense · gbif.org
  78. Solanum tarderemotum · gbif.org
  79. Mozambique Bitter Apple · gbif.org
  80. Red Nightshade · gbif.org
  81. Withania grisea · gbif.org
  82. Withania reichenbachii · gbif.org
  83. Withania riebeckii · gbif.org
  84. Withania · gbif.org
  85. Withania sphaerocarpa · gbif.org
  86. Chickenspike · gbif.org
  87. African honeysuckle · gbif.org
  88. Bogwood · gbif.org
  89. River-Elder · gbif.org
  90. flameflower · gbif.org
  91. athel tamarisk · gbif.org
  92. Tamarix arborea · gbif.org
  93. Tamarix mascatensis · gbif.org
  94. Tamarix nilotica · gbif.org
  95. African Rue · gbif.org
  96. Osyridicarpos schimperianus · gbif.org
  97. Thesium fastigiatum · gbif.org
  98. Thesium hararensis · gbif.org
  99. Gnidia latifolia · gbif.org
  100. Gnidia somalensis · gbif.org
  101. Gnidia stenophylloides · gbif.org
  102. Synaptolepis kirkii · gbif.org
  103. Loewia glandulosa · gbif.org
  104. Loewia glutinosa · gbif.org
  105. Streptopetalum arenarium · gbif.org
  106. Streptopetalum hildebrandtii · gbif.org
  107. Streptopetalum serratum · gbif.org
  108. Desert Nettle · gbif.org
  109. Desert Nettle · gbif.org
  110. Forsskaolea viridis · gbif.org
  111. New Zealand Pellitory · gbif.org
  112. Pouzolzia parasitica · gbif.org
  113. Small Nettle · gbif.org
  114. Vahlia dichotoma · gbif.org
  115. Vahlia digyna · gbif.org
  116. Somali Toiing · gbif.org
  117. Bouchea pseudochascanum · gbif.org
  118. Chascanum elburense · gbif.org
  119. Chascanum gillettii · gbif.org
  120. Chascanum glandulosum · gbif.org
  121. Chascanum hildebrandtii · gbif.org
  122. Chascanum laetum · gbif.org
  123. Chascanum marrubiifolium · gbif.org
  124. Chascanum mixtum · gbif.org
  125. Chascanum moldenkei · gbif.org
  126. Chascanum obovatum · gbif.org
  127. Chascanum rariflorum · gbif.org
  128. Chascanum sessilifolium · gbif.org
  129. Chascanum sulcatum · gbif.org
  130. Coelocarpum africanum · gbif.org
  131. Largeleaf Lantana · gbif.org
  132. Lantana petitiana · gbif.org
  133. Threeleaf Shrubverbena · gbif.org
  134. Lantana ukambensis · gbif.org
  135. Lantana viburnoides · gbif.org
  136. Lippia carviodora · gbif.org
  137. Lippia dauensis · gbif.org
  138. lemonbush · gbif.org
  139. Lippia rugosa · gbif.org
  140. Lippia somalensis · gbif.org
  141. Frogfruit · gbif.org
  142. Priva adhaerens · gbif.org
  143. Heartleaf velvetbur · gbif.org
  144. Vervain · gbif.org
  145. Hybanthus durus · gbif.org
  146. Pink Ladies-Slipper · gbif.org
  147. red-fruit violetbush · gbif.org
  148. Viola somalensis · gbif.org
  149. Viola stocksii · gbif.org
  150. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species · iucnredlist.org

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