Waraaqaha ay u baahan yihiin qaxootiga iyo muhaajiriinta Soomaaliyeed, maxayse u adag yihiin?

Waa maxay waraaqaha uu u baahan yahay qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed?

Soomaaliga qaxa wuxuu u baahan yahay, sidan u kala horreeya: diiwaangelin qaxootinimo, caddayn qaxootinimo, dukumenti safar, kadibna waraaqo deganaansho ama jinsiyad oo dalka cusub ah. Tallaabo kastaa waxay ku xiran tahay caddaynta aqoonsiga, taasoo adag markii diiwaannada dhalashada iyo diiwaannada dowladda ay lumeen 1991 kadib (Guddiga Socdaalka iyo Qaxootiga Kanada, ecoi.net, 2004).

UNHCR waxay gobolka ku tirisay 805,917 qaxooti oo Soomaaliya ka yimid, 31 Oktoobar 2026 (UNHCR Operational Data Portal):

• Itoobiya: 368,165
• Kenya: 334,733
• Uganda: 48,340
• Yaman: 40,982 (31 Agoosto 2026)
• Jabuuti: 13,697 (31 Agoosto 2026)

Sharciyadee ayaa Soomaaliga ka dhiga qaxooti?

Laba heshiis ayaa xeerarka dejiya. Heshiiska Qaxootiga 1951 wuxuu khuseeyaa dadka leh cabsi sal leh oo ah in loo silciyo jinsigooda, diintooda, dalnimadooda, kooxdooda bulsho ama ra'yigooda siyaasadeed (Heshiiska 1951, Refworld).

Heshiiska OAU ee 1969 wuxuu ku darayaa dadka ka carara "duullaan dibadeed, qabsasho, gumeysi shisheeye ama dhacdooyin si weyn u carqaladeeya nidaamka guud" (Heshiiska OAU 1969, AfricanLII). Qeexitaankan ballaaran wuxuu ku habboon yahay dad badan oo ka cararay dagaallada Soomaaliya.

Soomaaliya lafteedu waxay xubin ka ahayd Heshiiska 1951 iyo Borotokoolka 1967 tan iyo 1978 (UNHCR RIMAP, Somalia; UN Treaty Series vol. 1108). Diiwaan ka mid ah University of Minnesota kuma muujinayo wax xog ah oo ku saabsan in Soomaaliya ansixisay Heshiiska OAU (UMN Human Rights Library).

Waa maxay qaxootinimada kooxda (prima facie)?

Waxay ka dhigan tahay in koox dhan loo aqoonsado qaxooti, iyadoo aan qof walba wareysi gaar ah la gelin. Waxaa la isticmaalaa marka dad badan isla mar qaxaan.

• Kenya: Sharciga Qaxootiga 2021 wuxuu dhaqan galay 22 Febraayo 2022, wuxuuna buriyay sharcigii 2006 (UNHCR RIMAP, Kenya). Xoghayaha Golaha Wasiirrada ayaa koox dad ah ku dhawaaqi kara inay yihiin qaxooti prima facie ah, kadib talo guddi ka yimaada (isla ishaas). Sharcigu wuxuu isticmaalaa labada qeexitaan ee 1951 iyo OAU (isla ishaas).
• Aqoonsiga Kenya: Qodobka 15 ee sharciga wuxuu dhigayaa in qaxootiga la siiyo kaar aqoonsi (HIAS, 2022).
• Itoobiya: Xeerka Qaxootiga Lr. 1110/2019 wuxuu dowladda u oggolaanayaa inay kooxo u aqoonsato qaxooti (FAOLEX, Proclamation 1110/2019). Hay'adda Qaxootiga iyo Dadka Soo Laabtay ee Itoobiya ayaa go'aamisa codsiyada magangalyada, UNHCR-na way kormeertaa (UNHCR Help Ethiopia).

Waa maxay "qaxooti uu UNHCR aqoonsaday" (mandate refugee)?

Meesha aysan dowladdu go'aamin codsiyada qaxootinimada, UNHCR ayaa iyadu go'aamin karta iyadoo raacaysa Xeerkeeda (Statute). Dadka sidan loo aqoonsado waxaa la yiraahdaa qaxooti mandate ah (UNHCR Resettlement Handbook 1.2). UNHCR had iyo jeer marka hore waxay eegtaa qeexitaanka Heshiiska 1951, kadibna awoodeeda ballaaran (isla ishaas).

Maxay diiwaangelinta UNHCR siisaa qaxootiga?

Diiwaangelintu waxay diiwaan ka samaysaa kaydka xogta proGres ee UNHCR, oo ay ku jiraan magaca, jinsiga (lab ama dheddig), taariikhda dhalashada, dalka laga yimid iyo dalnimada (UNHCR Registration Guidance). Shaqaaluhu waa inay dadaal macquul ah u galaan xaqiijinta aqoonsiga ka hor inta aysan diiwaanka samayn (isla ishaas). Soomaali badan taariikhda dhalashadooda waxaa la buuxiyay heerkan; eeg maxaa Soomaali badan dhalashadoodu 1da Jannaayo u tahay.

Waa maxay dukumentiga safarka ee Heshiiska?

Qodobka 28 ee Heshiiska 1951 wuxuu dalalka ku waajibinayaa inay qaxootiga si sharci ah dhulkooda u jooga siiyaan dukumenti safar. Qaabkiisa waxaa lagu sharraxay Jadwal iyo tusaale ku lifaaqan Heshiiska (UNHCR, Refugee travel documents).

UNHCR iyo Ururka Duulista Rayidka ee Caalamiga (ICAO) waxay daabacaan hage wadajir ah oo ku saabsan sida dukumentiyadan looga dhigo kuwo mashiin akhriyi karo (UNHCR and ICAO Guide, Refworld). Dukumentigan, qaxootigu wuu socdaali karaa isagoo aan isticmaalin baasaboor Soomaaliyeed.

Sidee Mareykanku dib ugu dejiyay Soomaali Bantuuga?

Soomaali Bantuugu waa koox laga tirada badan yahay oo sannado ku noolayd xeryaha Kenya. Kooxihii ugu horreeyay waxay Kenya uga ambabaxeen Mareykanka Maajo 2003 (NPR, 2003).

Qorshuhu wuxuu ahaa in dib loo dejiyo qiyaastii 12,000 qof (Van Lehman iyo McKee, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 2019). Warbixin IPS 2006 ayaa kooxda ku qiyaastay qiyaastii 13,000 (IPS).

Isla maqaalkaas wuxuu sheegay in tobannaan rag Soomaali Bantu ah dib loogu celiyay Soomaaliya 2016 kadib (Van Lehman iyo McKee, 2019).

Waa maxay Ilaalinta Ku-meelgaarka ah ee Mareykanka (TPS) ee Soomaaliya?

TPS waxay Soomaalida horay Mareykanka u joogtay u oggolaatay inay sii joogaan oo shaqeeyaan inta laabashadu ammaan ahayn. Mareykanku wuxuu markii ugu horreysay Soomaaliya u magacaabay 16 Sebtembar 1991 (Federal Register, 14 Jannaayo 2026).

Marar badan ayaa la kordhiyay ama dib loo magacaabay: sagaal kordhin 1992 ilaa 2001, dib u magacaabis 2001, mid kale 2012, iyo saddex wareeg oo kale laga bilaabo 2021 (Federal Register, 2026). Ogeysiiskii 2024 wuxuu gaarsiiyay 17 Maarso 2026 (Federal Register, 22 Luulyo 2024).

Sidee ayuu ku dhammaaday TPS-ka Soomaaliya?

14 Jannaayo 2026, Wasaaradda Amniga Gudaha Mareykanka (DHS) waxay ku dhawaaqday joojin dhaqan galaysa 17 Maarso 2026 (Federal Register, 2026). DHS waxay tirisay 1,082 qof oo la oggolaaday iyo 1,383 codsi oo sugaya, ilaa 8 Desembar 2025 (isla ishaas).

• Hakinta maxkamadda: Afar Soomaali ah iyo laba urur ayaa dacwad gudbiyay. Garsoore federaal ah oo Boston jooga ayaa hakiyay joojinta Maarso 2026 (NAACP LDF; Muslim Advocates, Maajo 2026).
• Maxkamadda Sare: Juun 2026, Maxkamadda Sare ee Mareykanka waxay xaddiday awoodda garsoorayaasha ee dib u eegista joojinta TPS, cod 6 iyo 3 ah (GV Wire/Reuters, 14 Agoosto 2026).
• Dhammaadka: 14 Agoosto 2026, Garsoore Allison Burroughs ayaa qaaday hakinteedii, taasoo saameysay ku dhawaad 1,100 Soomaali ah (GV Wire/Reuters, 2026). Dacwadda lafteedu way sii socotay.

Xeerar kale oo Mareykan ah oo hadda saameeya waraaqaha Soomaalida?

Wareegtada 10949 (Proclamation 10949) waxay hakisay soo gelitaanka muwaadiniinta Soomaaliyeed laga bilaabo 9 Juun 2025 (Aqalka Cad, fact sheet, Juun 2025; qoraalka wareegtada, GovInfo). Soomaaliya waxay ku sii jirtay liiska buuxa ee wareegtadii Desembar 2025, oo dhaqan gashay 1 Jannaayo 2026 (Stony Brook University).

Desembar 2025, qoraalka USCIS ee PM-602-0192 wuxuu hakiyay codsiyada kaarka cagaaran (green card), dukumentiga safarka iyo codsiyo kale oo ka yimid muwaadiniinta dalalka liiska ku jira (Jackson Walker). Wuxuu kaloo amray in dib loo eego faa'iidooyinka la oggolaaday tan iyo 20 Jannaayo 2021 ee dadka soo galay muddadaas kadib (EIG Law).

Maxay Mareykanku u joojiyay isku-keenidda qoysaska, una bilaabay baaritaanka DNA?

Barnaamijka P-3 ee Mareykanka wuxuu qaxootiga u oggolaa inay keenaan waalidkood, xaasaskooda iyo carruurtooda. Horraantii 2008, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda waxay Nayroobi ku baartay 476 codsade, intooda badan Soomaali iyo Itoobiyaan (PBS Frontline, 2015).

• 16% waxay la mid noqdeen qaraabada ay qoreen oo dhan.
• 39% ugu yaraan hal qaraabo kuma aysan beegmin.
• 45% way diideen ama ma iman (isla ishaas).

Shaqadu waxay ku joogsatay Kenya iyo Itoobiya Maarso 2008, meelaha kalena Maajo (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, su'aalo iyo jawaabo la kaydiyay). Dadka dhaleeceeyay waxay sheegeen in hal natiijo khaldan ay qoys dhan ku calaamadin karto khiyaano (PBS Frontline, 2015; American Immigration Council).

P-3 wuxuu dib u furmay 2012, iyadoo laga doonayo DNA ama caddayn korsasho oo waalid iyo ilmo kasta ah. Taas kadib, wax ka yar 100 qof sannadkii ayaa ku yimid (PBS Frontline, 2015).

Sidee Noorweey iyo dalal kale u baaraan xiriirka qoyska?

Hay'adda socdaalka Noorweey (UDI) waxay baaritaan DNA u yeeri kartaa codsadayaasha ka yimid Afrikada ka hooseysa Saxaraha, Afgaanistaan, Suuriya, Ciraaq iyo Yaman (UDI). Baaritaanku waa bilaash, laakiin codsaduhu wuxuu bixiyaa safarka, diidmo aan sabab wanaagsan lahaynna waxay u badan tahay inay keento in codsiga la diido (isla ishaas).

Warqad 2000 lagu daabacay joornaalka caafimaadka Noorweey ayaa ka hadashay baaritaanka DNA ee qoysaska Soomaaliyeed (Tidsskriftet, 2000). Warbixin Noorweeji ah oo 2012 loo qoray European Migration Network ayaa sheegtay in DNA la bixiyo marka waraaqaha loo arko kuwo aan ku filnayn (UDI/EMN).

Maxay baasaboorrada Soomaaliyeed ugu adkaayeen in dibadda lagu isticmaalo?

1991 kadib, baasaboorrada Soomaaliyeed waxaa lagu iibin jiray suuqyada, lamana hubin karin. Luulyo 2003, Ingiriisku wuu joojiyay aqbalaaddooda, inta badan dalalka Midowga Yurubna sidaas oo kale ayay yeeleen (Guddiga Socdaalka iyo Qaxootiga Kanada, ecoi.net, 2004). 2025, madaxweynaha ayaa sheegay in in ka badan 10 milyan oo qof ay haystaan baasaboorro Soomaaliyeed, qaar badan oo la bixiyay iyadoo aan si sax ah loo hubin (Garowe Online, Sebtembar 2025). Taariikhda buuxda waxay ku jirtaa hagahayaga baasaboorka Soomaaliya.

Sidee Soomaaliya hadda u bixisaa waraaqaha aqoonsiga?

Sharciga Aqoonsiga iyo Diiwaangelinta ee Soomaaliya (Xeerka Lr. 9 ee Maarso 2023) wuxuu aasaasay Hay'adda Diiwaangelinta iyo Aqoonsiga Qaranka, NIRA (NIRA). Qiyaastii 500,000 qof ayaa is diiwaangeliyay ilaa Sebtembar 2025, kaarka aqoonsiga qaranka ayaana noqday shardi lagama maarmaan u ah codsiga baasaboorka (Garowe Online, Sebtembar 2025). Eeg hagahayaga kaarka aqoonsiga qaranka iyo hagaha shahaadada dhalashada.

Qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed ma waayi karaa dalnimo kasta?

Khatartaasi way jirtaa. Sharciga jinsiyadda Soomaaliya waa Xeerka Lr. 28 ee 22 Desembar 1962 (Refworld). Qodobkiisa 2 wuxuu sharci ahaan jinsiyadda siinayaa qofka aabbihiis yahay muwaadin Soomaaliyeed. Sharcigii 1962 ma oggolayn laba jinsiyadood, inkastoo Dastuurka Ku-meelgaarka ah ee 2012 uu oggol yahay (Citizenship Rights in Africa Initiative).

Soomaaliya ma saxiixin heshiisyada 1954 iyo 1961 ee dadka aan dal lahayn (statelessness) (UMN Human Rights Library). Carruurta xeryaha ugu dhalata waalid aan waraaqo haysan way ku adkaan kartaa inay caddeeyaan dalnimadooda Soomaaliyeed, maadaama dhalasho yar oo keliya la diiwaangeliyo (UNICEF Somalia, 2025).

Yaa dib loogu celiyaa Soomaaliya, sidee?

• Mareykanka: ICE waxay tarxiishay 229 muwaadin Soomaaliyeed 2018, sida ay muujinayso xog FOIA ah oo uu falanqeeyay Center for Immigration Studies (CIS). Garowe Online waxay sheegtay 4,090 Soomaali ah oo loo calaamadeeyay tarxiil (Garowe Online).
• Ingiriiska: Barnaamij Wasaaradda Arrimaha Gudaha Ingiriiska (Home Office) oo ay IRARA Muqdisho ka wado ayaa caawiya Soomaalida laga soo celiyo Ingiriiska. Waa inay codsadaan 3 bilood gudahood, caawimaduna waxay socotaa ilaa 12 bilood (GOV.UK, 15 Sebtembar 2026).
• Noorweey: 2016, Noorweey iyo Soomaaliya waxay diyaariyeen heshiis celin oo saameyn kara qiyaastii 500 Soomaali ah oo laga diiday deganaansho (PRIO, 2016). Hay'adda socdaalka Noorweey waxay sheegtay 163 celin qasab ah oo Soomaaliya loo sameeyay tan iyo 2018 (Full Fact). Booliska Noorweey waxay bil kasta daabacaan tirooyinka (Politiet).
• Iswiidhan: Raadiyaha Iswiidhan wuxuu sheegay heshiis qarsoodi ah oo Desembar 2023 ah oo lacagaha gargaarka lala xiriiriyay; labada dowladba way beeniyeen heshiis noocaas ah (Hiiraan Online, Desembar 2025; AllAfrica, Desembar 2025; Goobjoog). Wasiirka socdaalka Iswiidhan ayaa sheegay inay IOM oo keliya la shaqaynayeen (Eastleigh Voice).

Bogag la xiriira

• Maxaa Soomaali badan dhalashadoodu 1da Jannaayo u tahay?
• Baasaboorka Soomaaliya
• Kaarka aqoonsiga qaranka (NIRA)
• Shahaadada dhalashada Soomaaliya
• Soomaalida Kenya (Ingiriisi)
• Soomaalida Itoobiya (Ingiriisi)
• Soomaalida Noorweey (Ingiriisi)
• Soomaalida Iswiidhan (Ingiriisi)

Ilaha

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