Maxaa ku dhacay Soomaalida markay dalka ka tageen kadib?

Qaramada Midoobay waxay tirisay 1,935,594 qof oo Soomaaliya ku dhashay oo dibadda ku noolaa 2024, qiyaasaha kale intooda badanna waxay leeyihiin qiyaastii 2 milyan (UN DESA, International Migrant Stock 2024; Rift Valley Institute, 2022). Inta badan waxay ku nool yihiin dalalka u dhow. 2025, shakhsiyaad dibadda jooga ayaa dalka u soo diray US$3.13 bilyan, qiyaastii 24% dhaqaalaha (Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya, Warbixinta Sannadlaha 2025).

Immisa Soomaali ah ayaa dibadda ku nool?

UN DESA waxay dadka ku tirisaa dalka ay ku dhasheen. Tiradeeda 2024 ee dadka Soomaaliya ku dhashay oo dibadda jooga waa 1,935,594, waxayna ka kordhay 599,233-kii 1990 (UN DESA, 2024 origin and destination table). Jadwalkaas 2024 kuma jirto tirada dadka Soomaaliya ku dhashay ee Mareykanka ama Jarmalka, sidaas darteed wadarta dhabta ahi way ka badan tahay (UN DESA, 2024).

Tirooyin kale, mid kastaa hab u gaar ah:

• Pew Research Center (2016): qiyaastii 2 milyan oo qof oo Soomaaliya ku dhashay oo dibadda joogay 2015, waxayna ka kordheen qiyaastii 850,000 sannadkii 1990 (Pew, 1 Juun 2016).
• Rift Valley Institute (2022): "laba milyan oo qof" oo ku nool meel ka baxsan deegaannada Soomaalida ee Geeska (RVI, 2022).
• IOM iyo DEMAC: "qiyaastii 2 milyan oo qof adduunka oo dhan" (DEMAC, Jannaayo 2024).

Tirooyinkan kuma jiraan carruurta waalid Soomaaliyeed u dhashay dibadda. Tirooyinka lagu salaynayo asalka ama qowmiyadda ayaa ka badan kuwa lagu salaynayo meesha lagu dhashay ee isla dalka (eeg Ingiriiska iyo Mareykanka hoos).

Xaggee ku nool yihiin?

Inta badan muhaajiriinta Soomaaliya ku dhashay waxay ku nool yihiin Afrika iyo Bariga Dhexe. Tirooyinka UN DESA 2024 ee dalalka ugu badan ee martigeliya waa (UN DESA, 2024):

• Kenya: 401,953
• Itoobiya: 389,246
• Yaman: 285,211
• Ingiriiska: 119,728
• Liibiya: 117,956
• Jabuuti: 99,940
• Iswiidhan: 74,146
• Uganda: 65,070
• Masar: 50,036
• Sacuudi Carabiya: 48,099
• Koonfur Afrika: 42,516
• Kanada: 34,668
• Noorweey: 32,285
• Turkiga: 27,594
• Holland: 25,826

Bulshooyin yaryar oo isla jadwalka ku jira waxaa ka mid ah Finland (14,208), Beljiyam (12,989), Talyaaniga (12,642), Denmark (10,486), Awstariya (9,719), Australia (9,578) iyo Imaaraadka (9,109) (UN DESA, 2024). Turkiga ayaa ugu koritaan dhakhso badnaa, 3,382 sannadkii 2015 ilaa 27,594 sannadkii 2024 (UN DESA, 2024).

Tirooyin ka baxsan jadwalka Qaramada Midoobay:

• Mareykanka: 193,061 qof ayaa sheegay asal Soomaaliyeed 2024, 76,320 ka mid ah Minnesota, sida Bloomberg ka soo xigatay xogta Tirakoobka (Bloomberg, 29 Jannaayo 2026). Minnesota Compass waxay tirisay 79,449 Soomaali Minnesota ah 2019 ilaa 2023 (MN Compass). Tiradeeda 2020 ilaa 2024 waa 85,533 (MN Compass).
• Jarmalka: ku dhawaad 67,000 muwaadin Soomaaliyeed ayaa ku jiray Diiwaanka Dhexe ee Ajaanibta dhammaadkii Maajo 2025 (German Bundestag, hib 303/2025).
• England iyo Wales: 176,645 qof ayaa isku sheegay Soomaali tirakoobkii 2021 (ONS, 4 Oktoobar 2023).

Immisa ayaa weli qaxooti ah?

UNHCR waxay gobolka ku tirisay 805,917 qaxooti oo Soomaaliya ka yimid dhammaadkii Oktoobar 2026 (UNHCR Somalia situation):

• Itoobiya: 368,165
• Kenya: 334,733
• Uganda: 48,340
• Yaman: 40,982 (Agoosto 2026)
• Jabuuti: 13,697 (Agoosto 2026)

Kenya gudaheeda, 276,986 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed ayaa jooga Degmada Gaarisa, halkaas oo xeryaha Dhadhaab ku yaallaan (UNHCR, Kenya). Pew waxay ogaatay in qaxootigu ahaayeen qiyaastii 55% qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed 1990 iyo 2015 labadaba (Pew, 2016). Waraaqaha qaxootiga, eeg Waraaqaha iyo xaaladda qaxootiga.

Sidee yahay jiilka labaad?

England iyo Wales, 43.5% dadkii isku sheegay Soomaali 2021 waxay ku dhasheen England, 43.1%-na Soomaaliya (ONS, 2023). Ku dhawaad kala bar (48.2%) waxay ka yaraayeen 21 sano, halka dhammaan dadka deggan ay ahaayeen 24.2% (ONS, 2023). Ingiriisigu wuxuu luqadda koowaad u ahaa 67.8%, Af-Soomaaliguna 28.6% (ONS, 2023).

Iswiidhan, Af-Soomaaligu wuxuu ka mid ahaa tobanka luqadood ee ugu badan ee loo dhigo sidii luqadda hooyo 2017/18. Wuxuu ahaa kan ugu dad badan ee ka qayb gala tobankaas, iyadoo ku dhawaad afar ka mid ah shantii arday ee xaqa u lahaa ay ka qayb qaateen (Swedish Government Official Reports, SOU 2019:18).

Qoysaska qaar waxay dhallinyarada u diraan qaraabo ama xarumo ku yaal Soomaaliya ama Kenya, waxaana loo yaqaan dhaqan celis. Warbixin 2025 ah oo ay samaysay dowladda Denmark ayaa xadgudub ka heshay xarumaha qaar, halka dhallinyaro qaar ay sheegeen waayo-aragnimo wanaagsan oo ay la qaateen qaraabo (Danish Immigration Service, Juun 2025).

Sidee bay Soomaalida dibaddu ugu socotaa waxbarashada iyo shaqada?

Xogta rasmiga ah ee ugu buuxda waxay ka timid tirakoobkii 2021 ee England iyo Wales (ONS, 2023):

• Shaqada: 34.1% waa shaqeeyaan (dhammaan dadka deggan: 59.6%); 10.3% shaqo la'aan (4.4%); 47.1% kama qayb qaataan suuqa shaqada (24.7%), kuwaas oo 21.7% ay arday yihiin.
• Shahaadooyinka: 23.9% waxay haysteen shahaado heer jaamacadeed (Level 4) ah (33.8%); 26.9% waxba ma haysan (18.2%).
• Guryaha: 72.0% waxay ku noolaayeen guryo kiro bulsho ah (16.6%), 58.8%-na guryo ciriiri ah (8.4%).
• Meesha: 62.4% waxay ku noolaayeen London.

Soomaali-Mareykan ayaa xilal dowladeed galay. Ilhan Omar (Ilhaan Cumar) waxay 2016 noqotay Soomaali-Mareykankii ugu horreeyay ee loo doorto golaha sharci dejinta gobol Mareykan ah, 2018-na Koongareeska Mareykanka (Star Tribune, Nofembar 2018).

Immisa lacag ah ayay Soomaalida dibaddu dalka u soo diraan?

Tirooyinka Bangiga Dhexe ee Soomaaliya (Warbixinta Sannadlaha 2024; Warbixinta Sannadlaha 2025):

• Lacagta shakhsiyaadku soo diraan: US$1,339.3 milyan 2019; US$2,719.1 milyan 2024 (22% wax-soo-saarka guud, GDP); US$3,134 milyan 2025 (24% GDP).
• Dhammaan lacagaha soo gala: US$6,786 milyan 2025, oo ay ku jiraan lacagaha ganacsiga, hay'adaha samafalka (NGO) iyo kuwo kale. Wadarta 2024 markii hore waxaa lagu sheegay US$6,230 milyan, kadibna US$6,434 milyan warbixinta 2025.
• Kanaallada: shirkadaha xawaaladaha ayaa maareeyay US$3,077 milyan 2025, US$2,141 milyan ka mid ah waxay ahaayeen lacagta shakhsiyaadka.

Qiyaasihii hore way ka yaraayeen. Daraasad FAO 2013 ayaa ku qiyaastay ugu yaraan US$1.2 bilyan sannadkii (FSNAU iyo FAO, Family Ties, 2013). Atlantic Council waxay 2015 soo xigatay US$1.3 bilyan sannadkii (Atlantic Council, 11 Febraayo 2015).

Lacagta inta badan waxay bixisaa cuntada, kirada, khidmadda iskuulka iyo daawada, sida ay daraasadda FAO ogaatay (FSNAU, 2013). Qoysaska hela, in ka badan 80% waxay ku tiirsanaayeen hal qaraabo oo keliya oo dibadda jooga (FSNAU, 2013). Isbeddelka, eeg Lacagta ugu badan ee dalka soo gasha (Ingiriisi).

Waa maxay xawaalad, maxayse bangiyadu u xireen xisaabaadkeeda?

Xawaalad (sidoo kale xawilaad ama hawala) waa nidaamka Soomaalida ee lacagta lagu diro. Cilmi-baare Anna Lindley waxay ugu yeertaa "kaabe horumarsan" oo qaada dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaalaha meel aan nidaam bangi gudaha ah lahayn (Lindley, SOAS). Warbixin kooban oo Rift Valley Institute ah ayaa sheegtay in nidaamku ku shaqeeyo kalsooni, sidaas darteed lacagta saacado gudahood ayaa la bixiyaa (RVI, Maarso 2014).

Bangiyada reer galbeedka waxay bilaabeen inay xiraan xisaabaadka shirkadaha xawaaladaha, iyagoo daliil ka dhigaya xeerarka lacag dhaqidda iyo maalgelinta argagixisada:

• Barclays, Ingiriiska, 2013: wuxuu doonay inuu xiro xisaabaadka xawaaladaha, oo uu ku jiro kan Dahabshiil. Maxkamadda Sare waxay Dahabshiil siisay amar ku-meelgaar ah 5 Nofembar 2013 (Dahabshiil v Barclays, [2013] EWHC 3379 (Ch)).
• Merchants Bank of California, 2015: wuxuu joojiyay xawaaladaha Soomaaliya 6 Febraayo 2015, kadib markii uu qaabilsanaa ilaa 80% lacagta Mareykanka laga diro Soomaaliya (Atlantic Council, 2015).

Immisa ayaa soo laabtay?

Kenya, Soomaaliya iyo UNHCR waxay Nofembar 2013 saxiixeen Heshiis Saddex-geesood ah oo ku saabsan ka soo laabashada mutadawacnimada ah ee Kenya (UNHCR, 5 Agoosto 2015). Soo laabashada la caawiyo waxay bilaabatay Desembar 2014, 2,969 qaxooti ayaana soo laabtay ilaa horraantii Agoosto 2015 (UNHCR, 2015). Qorshaha 2015 wuxuu filayay qiyaastii 425,000 soo laabasho shan sano gudahood (UNHCR, 2015).

Ilaa Maajo 2025, UNHCR waxay caawisay 96,625 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed oo soo laabtay tan iyo Desembar 2014, dalal kasta ha ka yimaadeene (UNHCR Somalia returnees dashboard, Maajo 2025). 44,324 kale ayaa la diiwaangeliyay iyagoo iskood u soo laabtay, wadartuna waa 140,949 (UNHCR, Maajo 2025).

Qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed sidoo kale way soo laabtaan, inta badan reer galbeedka. Xog ku saabsan inta ay yihiin ma jirto, sida ay Heritage Institute sheegtay (HIPS, 2014). Daraasaddeeda dadka ku soo laabtay Muqdisho, Garoowe iyo Hargeysa waxay ogaatay in soo laabashadu "dhif tahay inay joogto noqoto, balse inta badan ay tahay tag iyo imaad" (HIPS, 2014).

• Yaa soo laaban kara: inta badan dadka haysta jinsiyad reer galbeed, lacag iyo xiriir shaqo oo Soomaaliya ku yaal, sida ay isla daraasaddu sheegtay (HIPS, 2014).
• Xafiisyo loogu talagalay: Somaliland iyo Puntland mid walba wuxuu sameeyay xafiis qurbajoog 2010. Wasaaradda arrimaha dibadda ee federaalku waxay furtay Waaxda Arrimaha Qurbajoogta Oktoobar 2013 (HIPS, 2014).
• Ganacsiga: 2013, qurbajoogta Soomaaliyeed ayaa diiwaangeliyay 35% 260 shirkadood oo cusub oo Muqdisho laga furay afar bilood gudahood (RVI iyo HIPS, 2017).

Qaar badan oo soo laabtay ayaa isku daya inay dib u helaan guryihii ay ka tageen. Eeg Maxay Soomaalidu ka tageen markay carareen?.

Sidee Soomaalida dibaddu ula xiriiraan dalka?

• Telefoonka: sahan Puntland iyo Somaliland ah, 76% waxay si joogto ah ula xiriiri jireen qaraabadooda dibadda jooga, 96% iyaga ka mid ahna telefoon (FSNAU, 2013).
• Waajibka caawimada: 90% waxay sheegeen inay dareemaan waajib ah inay qaraabadooda taageeraan, sababo diin, xiriir qoys iyo sharaf awgood (FSNAU, 2013).
• Arooska iyo xaaladaha degdegga ah: lacagta dibadda ka timaadda waxay sidoo kale bixisaa arooska, xaaladaha degdegga ah ee qoyska iyo mashaariicda bulshada (FSNAU, 2013).
• Luqadda: Af-Soomaaliga waxaa luqadda hooyo ahaan loogu dhigaa iskuullada Iswiidhan, dad badanna way ka qayb galaan (SOU 2019:18).
• Warbaahinta: Laanta Af-Soomaaliga ee BBC waxay baahinaysay tan iyo 18 Luulyo 1957 (Wikipedia).

Bogag la xiriira

Bogagga dalalka iyo magaalooyinka (Ingiriisi): Australia · Bristol · Calgary · Denmark · Jabuuti · Edmonton · Itoobiya · Finland · Jarmalka · Kenya · Holland · Noorweey · Ottawa · Sacuudi Carabiya · Koonfur Afrika · Iswiidhan · Toronto · Turkiga · Imaaraadka iyo Dubay · Mareykanka · Yaman

Qaybta oo dhan:

• Maxay Soomaalidu u tageen, goormayse?
• Qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed oo tirooyin ah
• Maxay Soomaalidu ka tageen markay carareen?
• Lacagta ugu badan ee dalka soo gasha (Ingiriisi)

Ilaha

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