Doorashooyinka Soomaaliya: sida loo codeeyo iyo sida loo xusho

Si kooban

Soomaaliya waxay hoggaamiyeyaasheeda u dooratay afar hab oo kala duwan:

• 1956 ilaa 1969: doorashooyin xisbiyo badan leh oo qof iyo cod ah.
• 1969 ilaa 1991: dowlad militari oo leh hal xisbi oo sharci ah.
• 2000 ilaa 2022: hannaan aan toos ahayn. Odayaasha beelaha ayaa magacaabay ergooyin, ergooyinkaas ayaa doortay xildhibaannada, baarlamaankuna wuxuu doortay Madaxweynaha.
• Laga soo bilaabo 2024: sharciyo cusub ayaa soo celinaya codbixinta tooska ah. Waxay ku bilaabatay doorashooyin degmo iyo dowlad-goboleed 2025 iyo 2026.

Hay'adaha ku lug leh, eeg Baarlamaanka Federaalka.

Doorashooyinkii ka horreeyay 1969

Soomaaliya Talyaaniga waxay qabatay doorashooyin degmo 1954 iyo 1958, iyo doorashooyin baarlamaan 1956 iyo 1959. Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska waxay qabatay doorashooyin baarlamaan 1959 iyo 1960 (Elections in Somalia, Wikipedia). Midowgii 1960 kadib, dadku waxay dastuurka ku ansixiyeen afti dhacday 20 June 1961. Waxaa ogolaaday 1,756,216 cod (90.6 boqolkiiba), waxaana diiday 183,000. Somaliland-kii hore, Somali National League waxay ku baaqday qaadacaad, qiyaastii 60 boqolkiiba codadka halkaas laga dhiibtayna waxay ahaayeen diidmo (1961 Somali constitutional referendum, Wikipedia).

Ilaha: doorashada 1964, Wikipedia; doorashada 1969, Wikipedia. Ciidanku waxay talada la wareegeen 21 October 1969. Eeg Xilligii rayidka, 1960 ilaa 1969.

Dowladdii militariga, 1969 ilaa 1991

Golaha Sare ee Kacaanku wuxuu mamnuucay dhammaan xisbiyada siyaasadda 1969. Dastuurkii 1979 wuxuu dhisay Golaha Shacabka, waxaana la doortay 1979 iyo 1984, iyadoo Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XHKS) uu ahaa xisbiga keliya ee sharciga ah (Elections in Somalia, Wikipedia). 23 December 1986, Maxamed Siyaad Barre oo ahaa musharraxa keliya ayaa loo ansixiyay Madaxweyne. Waxaa u codeeyay 4,887,592, waxaana ka soo horjeeday 1,486 (1986 Somali presidential election, Wikipedia).

Hannaankii ergooyinka, 2000 ilaa 2022

Laga soo bilaabo shirkii Carta ee 2000 ilaa doorashadii 2022, ma jirin codbixin dadweyne oo xilal qaran ah. Kuraasta Golaha Shacabka waxaa loo qaybiyay habka "4.5". Beelaha Daarood, Dir, Hawiye iyo Raxanweyn (Digil iyo Mirifle) mid kasta wuxuu helay 61 kursi, beelaha kalena 31 (Rift Valley Institute, 2023).

Wareeggii 2021 ilaa 2022:

• Aqalka Sare: golayaasha dowlad-goboleedyada ayaa doortay 54-ta senator, 29 July ilaa 13 November 2021. Haweenku waxay heleen 13 kursi.
• Golaha Shacabka: codbixintu waxay socotay 1 November 2021 ilaa 31 March 2022, oo aad uga dambaysay waqtiyadii loo qabtay.

Ilaha: 2021 to 2022 Somali parliamentary election, Wikipedia. Labada gole waxay 15 May 2022 Madaxweyne u doorteen Xasan Sheekh Maxamuud. Wareegga saddexaad wuxuu helay 214 cod, halka madaxweynihii xilka hayay Maxamed Cabdullaahi Farmaajo uu helay 110 (2022 Somali presidential election, Wikipedia).

Sharciyada doorashada ee 2024

Sannadkii 2024 baarlamaanku wuxuu ansixiyay saddex sharci oo doorasho:

• Guddiga: sharciga dhisaya Guddiga Madaxa-bannaan ee Doorashooyinka iyo Xuduudaha Qaranka (NIEBC). Waxaa guddoomiye u ah Cabdikariin Axmed Xasan.
• Codbixinta: sharciga doorashada qaranka ee qof iyo cod.
• Xisbiyada: sharciga Xisbiyada Siyaasadda. Waxaa lagu ansixiyay fadhi wadajir ah, waxaana u codeeyay 177 xildhibaan, halka mid ka aamusay (SONNA, November 2024; AllAfrica, November 2024).

Golaha wasiirradu wuxuu ansixiyay hindise-sharciyeedyada August 2024 (Garowe Online). Wax-ka-beddelkii 2024 wuxuu dhigay in Madaxweynaha si toos ah loo doorto, laakiin wax-ka-beddelka 4 March 2026 doorashadiisa wuxuu dib ugu celiyay baarlamaanka, Golaha Shacabkana wuxuu ka dhigay mid si toos ah loo doorto (ConstitutionNet, April 2026). Wax-ka-beddelkaas wuxuu kaloo muddada baarlamaanka iyo Madaxweynaha ka dhigay shan sano halkii ay ka ahayd afar. Haddii aan wax laga beddelin, muddada baarlamaanku waxay dhammaan lahayd 16 April 2026, tan Madaxweynahana 15 May 2026 (Africa at LSE, May 2026).

Codbixinta tooska ah ee 2025 iyo 2026

Ilaha: Dawan Africa, Banaadir; Dawan Africa, Koonfur Galbeed; Dawan Africa, Galmudug; Dawan Africa, Hirshabeelle. Tirada kuraasta Banaadir waxay ka timid hal warbixin.

• Banaadir: xisbiyada mucaaradka ee waaweyn waxay qaadaceen codbixinta Muqdisho, waxayna sheegeen inaysan aqoonsan doonin natiijada.
• Galmudug: 24 August 2026, Maxkamadda Sare waxay buriyay codbixintii ugu horreysay ee Galmudug, waxayna amartay in dib loo qabto (Dawan Africa, August 2026).
• Hirshabeelle: xisbiyadu way aqbaleen natiijada.

Jadwalka qaran ee 2027

15 October 2026, guddiga doorashooyinku wuxuu ku dhawaaqay jadwalkan (Dawan Africa, October 2026):

Golaha Mustaqbalka Soomaaliyeed, oo ah koox mucaarad ah oo ay ku jiraan hoggaamiyeyaasha Puntland iyo Jubaland, wuu diidan yahay wax-ka-beddelkii March 2026 iyo kordhinta muddada. Dowladdu waxay sheegtay in doorasho aan qof iyo cod ahayn aysan dhici doonin.

Horraantii November 2026, shan garsoore oo ka tirsan Qaybta Dastuuriga ee Maxkamadda Sare ayaa xukumay in muddadii Madaxweynaha, baarlamaanka iyo dowladda federaalka ay dhammaatay. Xafiiska Xeer-ilaalinta Guud wuxuu sheegay in xukunkaasi aanu lahayn saameyn sharci, maadaama Guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare aanu shir-guddoominin. Kooxaha mucaaradku way taageereen xukunka (Dawan Africa, November 2026).

Sida loo codeeyo

• Is diiwaangeli: codbixiyeyaashu waxay ka diiwaangashan yihiin degmadooda, guddiga doorashooyinka ayaana siiya kaarka codbixinta. Sannadkii 2025 guddigu wuxuu diiwaangeliyay 918,890 qof oo ku nool 16-ka degmo ee Muqdisho (Dawan Africa, 2025).
• Cabashooyinka: cabashada codbixinta waxaa loo gudbiyaa guddiga, kadibna Maxkamadda Sare.

Saldhigga sharci

Cutubka 6aad iyo Qodobka 111G ee Dastuurka Ku-meelgaarka ah ee 2012, sida wax looga beddelay 2024 iyo 2026, iyo saddexda sharci ee doorashada ee la ansixiyay 2024.