Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Soomaaliya, 1991

Kooban

"Kadib markii ay jabisay Siyaad Barre, Guddiga Fulinta ee USC wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah, inkastoo aysan awood dhab ah ku lahayn dalka oo dhan. USC waxay madaxweyne ku-meel-gaar ah ka dhigatay mid ka mid ah xubnaheeda, Cali Mahdi Maxamed (Ali Mahdi Mahammad, dhashay 1939)" (tarjumaad), sidaas ayay qortay Maktabadda Koongareeska Mareykanka (Somalia: A Country Study, "Government structure").

"Janaayo, USC waxay ku dhawaaqday dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo aysan kooxaha kale midkoodna aqoonsan" (tarjumaad), ayay warbixin ku tiri Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka. Luulyo, magaalada Jabuuti, lix kooxood waxay ku heshiiyeen dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo uu Cali Mahdi madaxweyne ka yahay, laakiin "dadaalkoodii dowlad dhisidda waxaa joojiyay dagaal u dhexeeyay garabyada USC" (tarjumaad) (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1991: Somalia). Si aad u ogaato sida Siyaad Barre u dhacay, eeg dhicitaankii Muqdisho, 1990–1991.

Dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd, horraantii 1991

29 Janaayo 1991. "Saddex maalmood oo keliya kadib, isagoon la tashan jabhadaha hubeysan, ama xitaa garabyada kale ee USC, Cali Mahdi, oo ganacsade ahaa xubinna ka ahaa USC, wuxuu isku magacaabay Madaxweyne Ku-meel-gaar ah" (tarjumaad) (Africa Watch iyo Physicians for Human Rights, No Mercy in Mogadishu, 1992). Eeg Cali Mahdi Maxamed.
Awoodaha. "Madaxweynuhu wuxuu ahaa madaxa dowladda, laakiin waajibaadka iyo mas'uuliyadda xilka lama qeexin. Inta badan, madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ahi wuxuu haystay awoodihii lagu qeexay dastuurkii 1979" (tarjumaad) (Maktabadda Koongareeska, "Government structure").
Golaha wasiirrada. Cali Mahdi wuxuu Ra'iisul Wasaare u magacaabay Cumar Carte Qaalib (Omar Arteh Ghalib). "Golaha wasiirrada ee Qaalib, oo loo bixiyay Dowladda Ku-meel-gaarka ah ee Midnimada Qaranka, wuxuu markii hore ka koobnaa 27 wasiir oo buuxa iyo 8 wasiir ku-xigeen" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).
Maxaa Qaalib loo doortay. Magacaabistiisu "waxay muujisay sida Maxamed iyo hoggaamiyeyaasha kale ee USC ay uga feejignaayeen doorka beelaha ee siyaasadda dalka. Qaalib wuxuu ka dhashay beesha weyn ee Isaaq ee waqooyiga Soomaaliya" (tarjumaad), inkastoo uusan xubin ka ahayn SNM. Wuxuu ahaa wasiirkii ugu horreeyay ee arrimaha dibadda ee Siyaad Barre, 1969 ilaa 1976 (isla ishaas).
Doorashooyinka. Madaxweynuhu wuxuu ballanqaaday doorashooyin marka amnigu soo laabto, laakiin "loollanka gudaha USC, iyo mucaaradka dowladda ku-meel-gaarka ah ee qaybaha kale ee dalka, ayaa su'aasha doorashooyinka ka dhigay mid aan micno lahayn" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).

Jabhadaha kale way diideen

Waxaa laga soo xigtay Maktabadda Koongareeska (Somalia: A Country Study, "Politics of succession"):

Koonfurta. "Ku dhawaaqistii USC ee dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah Febraayo 1991 waxay ka xanaajisay saaxiibbadeedii, oo sheegay in aan lala tashan" (tarjumaad). SSDF "waxay diiday inay aqbasho sharcinimada dowladda ku-meel-gaarka ah" (tarjumaad). SPM iyo SSDF "waxay ciidamadii USC ka saareen Kismaayo (Kismayo)" (tarjumaad), "isku dhacyo xooggan oo socday Maarso oo dhanna waxay khatar ku ahaayeen inay dalka dib ugu celiyaan dagaal sokeeye" (tarjumaad).
Waqooyiga. SNM "waxay dhaliishay sida USC ay keligeed ula wareegtay dowladda dhexe" (tarjumaad), waxayna diiday inay ka qayb gasho wadahadallada midnimada. "Iyadoon la helin wada-shaqeynta SNM, dowladda ku-meel-gaarka ahi ma lahayn awood ay ku muujiso maamulkeeda gobolka" (tarjumaad). 17 Maajo 1991, SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliland. Eeg shirkii Burco iyo ku dhawaaqistii Soomaaliland.

Heshiiskii Jabuuti, Luulyo 1991

"Luulyo, shir lagu qabtay Jabuuti, lix kooxood, oo ay ku jiraan USC iyo laba jabhadood oo Daarood ah balse aysan ku jirin SNM, waxay ku heshiiyeen inay dhisaan dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah, oo ku dhisan dastuurkii hore ee 1961, muddo xileed 2 sano ah ilaa doorashooyin la qabto. Lixda kooxood waxay ku dhawaaqeen gole wasiirro oo ka kooban 72 xubnood, oo uu madaxweyne ka yahay Cali Mahdi Maxamed" (tarjumaad) (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, 1991).

Kala go'ii Caydiid

Loollanka. "Ninka ugu culus ee la tartamay Maxamed wuxuu ahaa Jeneraal Maxamed Faarax Caydiid, hoggaamiyaha garab ka mid ah USC oo taageersanaa la shaqeynta SNM" (tarjumaad). Caydiid "wuxuu ku doodayay in Guddiga Fulinta ee USC ee fadhigiisu yahay Muqdisho aanu awood u lahayn inuu dhiso dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah isagoon la tashan" (tarjumaad) (Maktabadda Koongareeska, "Government structure"). Eeg Maxamed Faarax Caydiid.
Beelaha. "Maxamed wuxuu ka mid ahaa beesha Abgaal ee beesha weyn ee Hawiye, halka Caydiid uu ka mid ahaa beesha Habar Gidir ee isla beeshaas weyn" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).
Sebtembar 1991. "Sebtembar, Caydiid wuxuu dhisay dowlad u gaar ah oo la tartanta tan kale, kuna taal qaybta koonfureed ee caasimadda. Isku dhacyo isdaba joog ah oo dhexmaray ciidamada u hoggaansan Caydiid iyo kuwa u hoggaansan Maxamed ayaa ku qasbay kan dambe inuu dib ugu gurto waqooyiga Muqdisho" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).
17 Nofembar 1991. "Ciidamada Jeneraal Caydiid, oo inta badan ka yimid jilibka Habar Gidir ee Hawiye, waxay weerar buuxa ku qaadeen fadhiyada Madaxweyne Mahdi, oo ay inta badan ilaalinayeen xubno ka tirsan jilibka Abgaal" (tarjumaad). Waxay "qabsadeen inta badan magaalada, laakiin kama saari karin ciidamada Mahdi" (tarjumaad) waqooyiga (Africa Watch iyo PHR).
Natiijada. "Nofembar iyo Diseembar, kumanaan qof ayaa lagu dilay Muqdisho, dhammaadkii sannadkana Soomaaliya waxay ku dhowaatay inay dowlad ahaan baaba'do" (tarjumaad) (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, 1991).

Sannadihii xigay, eeg burburkii, 1991–2000.

Yaa dhibaatada ku qabsatay?

Dadka Muqdisho, oo kumanaan ka mid ah lagu dilay dagaalkii u dhexeeyay labada garab ee USC Nofembar iyo Diseembar 1991 (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda).
Dadka Daarood ee Muqdisho degganaa, oo la weeraray kadib dhicitaankii dowladda; boqollaal ayaa la dilay, boqollaal kun oo kalena way carareen (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda). Eeg dhicitaankii Muqdisho.
Dadka Kismaayo iyo koonfurta, halkaas oo ciidamada USC, SPM iyo SSDF ay ku dagaallamayeen laga bilaabo Febraayo 1991 (Maktabadda Koongareeska, "Politics of succession").

Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin

Taariikhda. Africa Watch waxay sheegtay in Cali Mahdi ku dhawaaqay 29 Janaayo 1991. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay ku dhawaaqistii USC ee dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah dhigtay Febraayo 1991. Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay leedahay Janaayo.
Golaha wasiirrada. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay tirisay 27 wasiir iyo 8 wasiir ku-xigeen golihii ugu horreeyay. Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay sheegtay gole ka kooban 72 xubnood kadib heshiiskii Jabuuti ee Luulyo.

Akhri ilaha asalka ah

Maktabadda Koongareeska Mareykanka, Somalia: A Country Study (1993): "Government structure"; "Politics of succession".
Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1991: Somalia: qoraalka.
Africa Watch iyo Physicians for Human Rights, No Mercy in Mogadishu (26 Maarso 1992): qoraalka.