Calankii
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Soomaalida adduunka

Waddooyinkee ayay Soomaalidu mareen markay dalka ka tagayeen?

Inta badan Soomaalidii dalka ka tagtay waxay dhulka u mareen Kenya iyo Itoobiya, oo labaduba martigeliya in ka badan 700,000 oo qaxooti Soomaaliyeed. Qaar kale waxay Gacanka Cadmeed u gudbeen Yaman, waxay koonfur ugu dhaqaaqeen Koonfur Afrika, ama waxay galeen waddada tahriibka ee Liibiya ilaa Yurub, oo ku kacda US$10,000 ilaa US$20,000.

La cusbooneysiiyay 2026-11-12 34 il Ku akhri Ingiriisi

Soomaalidu waxay dalka uga baxeen shan waddo oo waaweyn: dhulka ilaa Kenya iyo Itoobiya, doon ilaa Yaman, Liibiya ilaa Yurub, iyo koonfurta ilaa Koonfur Afrika. Tiro yar ayaa diyaarad ku baxday, iyagoo haysta fiise ama ku biiraya qoysaskooda.

Kenya iyo Itoobiya ayaa maanta haysta inta ugu badan qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed: 334,733 iyo 368,165, 31 Oktoobar 2026 (UNHCR data portal, 2026).

Waa maxay waddooyinka, si kooban?

  • Dhulka ilaa Kenya: xadka ayaa laga gudbaa meel u dhow Liibooy (Liboi) ama Mandheera (Mandera), ilaa xeryaha Dhadhaab (Dadaab) (HRW, 2009).
  • Dhulka ilaa Itoobiya: waqooyiga waxaa loo aadaa Hartasheekh iyo Jigjiga, koonfurtana Doolo Addo (Dollo Ado) (UN News, 2004).
  • Jabuuti: dadka waqooyiga ka yimid tan iyo 1988 (HRW World Report 1990).
  • Badda ilaa Yaman: xeebaha u dhow Boosaaso ayaa laga dhoofaa, waxaana laga gudbaa Gacanka Cadmeed (HRW, Hostile Shores, 2009).
  • Tahriibka ilaa Yurub: Itoobiya, Suudaan iyo Liibiya ayaa la sii maraa, kadibna Badda Dhexe (UNICEF iyo Rift Valley Institute, 2016).
  • Koonfurta ilaa Koonfur Afrika: Kenya, Tansaaniya, Malaawi, Musambiig, Saambiya iyo Simbaabwe ayaa la sii maraa (ENACT, 2018).
  • Diyaarad: dib u dejinta qaxootiga, isku-keenidda qoysaska iyo fiisaha waxbarashada.

Sidee dadku ku gaareen Kenya?

Inta badan lug ama baabuur xamuul, iyagoo ka gudbaya xadka dhulka ee koonfurta. Qaar ayaa doon ku sii maray xeebta.

UNHCR waxay dhistay saddexdii xero ee ugu horreeyay ee Dhadhaab intii u dhexeysay Oktoobar 1991 iyo Juun 1992 (UNHCR, 2012). Waxaa loogu talagalay 90,000 qof. Sannadkii 2012 waxay haysteen in ka badan 463,000, oo ay ku jiraan qiyaastii 10,000 qaxooti jiilka saddexaad ah oo halkaas ku dhashay.

Kenya waxay xiratay xadka Soomaaliya 3 Jannaayo 2007 (HRW, From Horror to Hopelessness, 2009). UNHCR waxay xirtay xaruntii ku-meelgaarka ahayd ee Liibooy, halkaas oo dadka cusub lagu diiwaangelin jiray laguna baari jiray. Dadku way sii gudbayeen: qiyaastii 60,000 magangalyo-doon Soomaaliyeed ayaa Kenya soo galay 2008, ku dhawaad 165 maalintii.

  • Lacagta mukhalasiinta: dadka tahriibiya (mukhalasiinta) ayaa lacag ku qaadan jiray inay dadka xadka ka qaadaan ilaa Dhadhaab; qaxooti ka mid ah ayaa bixiyay US$500 (HRW, 2009).
  • Booliska: booliska ayaa dadka cusub ka dalban jiray laaluush, qaarna way xireen, qaarna way garaaceen, sida ay isla warbixintaasi ogaatay.
  • Meelaha laga galo hadda: Soomaalidu waxay Kenya inta badan ka galaan Mandheera ama Liibooy, kadibna waxay u gudbaan Dhadhaab iyo Gaarisa (Garissa), sida ay IOM sheegtay (Eastleigh Voice, warbixinta IOM).

Qaar badda ayay ka yimaadeen. Dadka jasiiradaha Bajuunta ee u dhow Kismaayo waxay 1991 u carareen xerada Jomvu ee u dhow Mombaasa, taas oo la xiray dabayaaqadii 1997 (Nurse, dib u eegista warbixinta 2000). Qoys Soomaali Bantu ah ayaa 14 habeen xeebta lug ku maray, Kismaayo ilaa xadka Kenya (Smithsonian, 2004).

Sidee dadku ku gaareen Itoobiya?

Waxay ka gudbeen xadka dhulka ee dheer, waqooyiga iyo koonfurta.

  • Waqooyiga, 1988 kadib: qaxootigii Hartasheekh intooda badan waxay ka yimaadeen Gabiley iyo Hargeysa; xeradu markii ay ugu badnayd waxay haysatay in ka badan 250,000 (UN News, 2004).
  • Agagaarka Jigjiga: Febraayo 2020, Kabribayax (Kebribeyah) waxay haysatay 14,951 qof, Aw Barre 12,120, Sheder-na 11,994 (UNHCR Ethiopia update, Febraayo 2020).
  • Koonfurta, Doolo Addo: Oktoobar 2011 waxaa jiray shan xero: Bokolmanyo, Melkadida, Kobe, Hilaweyn iyo Buramino (UNHCR Dollo Ado update, Oktoobar 2011).

Horraantii Oktoobar 2011, 2,985 qof ayaa Doolo Addo yimid siddeed maalmood gudahood (UNHCR, 9 Oktoobar 2011). Febraayo 2020, shanta xero ee Doolo Addo waxay hoy siiyeen 159,342 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed (UNHCR Ethiopia update, Febraayo 2020). Itoobiya ayaa hadda ah dalka ugu qaxooti Soomaaliyeed badan (UNHCR, 2026).

Soomaalidu ma aadeen Jabuuti?

Haa, inta badan dadka waqooyiga. Markii dagaalkii 1988 sii socday, qaxootiga waqooyiga waxay u carareen Itoobiya, Jabuuti iyo Yaman (HRW World Report 1990). Jabuuti waxay martigelisay 13,697 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed 31 Agoosto 2026 (UNHCR, 2026).

Sidee loo gudbaa badda ilaa Yaman?

Doonyuhu waxay ka ambabaxaan xeebaha agagaarka Boosaaso, waxayna Gacanka Cadmeed ka gudbaan hal ilaa saddex maalmood (HRW, Hostile Shores, 2009). Daraasad Soomaaliyeed ayaa sheegtay laba meelood oo waaweyn oo laga dhoofo: Mareero oo u dhow Boosaaso iyo Ceelaayo oo ku taal Sanaag (Heritage Institute, 2018, Af-Soomaali).

Human Rights Watch ayaa 2009 sidan u qeexday xaaladda (Hostile Shores):

  • Qiimaha: US$50 ilaa US$80 doonyaha ugu jaban, US$100 ilaa US$150 ama ka badan kuwa dhakhsaha badan.
  • Ciriiriga: doonyo loo sameeyay 70 ilaa 80 qof ayaa inta badan qaada 150, qaarna ilaa 250.
  • Soo degista: mukhalasiintu waxay inta badan rakaabka ku qasbaan inay ku dhacaan biyo qoto dheer, boqollaal mitir oo xeebta u jira; boqollaal ayaa ku hafay iyagoo xeebta arkaya.
  • Dhimashada: in ka badan 1,000 qof ayaa ku dhintay tallaabooyinka badda laga bilaabo horraantii 2008 ilaa dabayaaqadii 2009.

Yaman waxay Soomaalida u aqoonsatay qaxooti si wadajir ah, iyadoo aan qof walba wareysi la gelin (HRW, 2009). UNHCR waxay 2009 diiwaangelisay qiyaastii 150,000 Soomaali ah oo Yaman jooga, sida ay warbixintu sheegtay.

Yaa hadda mara waddada Yaman?

Inta badan waa Itoobiyaan, Soomaalidu waa qayb yar. 2019, in ka badan 138,000 qof ayaa u gudbay Yaman, qiyaastii 92 boqolkiiba waxay ahaayeen Itoobiyaan (IOM, Febraayo 2020). Sannadkaas 62 boqolkiiba waxay ka ambabaxeen Soomaaliya, 38 boqolkiibana Jabuuti. Ku dhawaad 90 boqolkiiba waxay damacsanaayeen inay u sii gudbaan Sacuudi Carabiya.

Dadka Yaman gaaray waxay ka kordheen qiyaastii 27,000 sannadkii 2021 ilaa in ka badan 90,000 sannadkii 2023 (Al Jazeera, Juun 2024).

Sahan Soomaaliyeed ah, dadka Baydhabo waxay safarka Sacuudiga ku tilmaameen "jaban, khatar yar, dhakhsana ah" (Heritage Institute, 2018). Qof ka mid ah ayaa qiimihiisa ku sheegay qiyaastii US$500. Baydhabo, 32 boqolkiiba waxay sheegeen in qoys ka mid ahi Sacuudiga aaday, halka Muqdisho ay ahayd 22 boqolkiiba, Beledweynena 19 boqolkiiba.

Immisa ayaa ku dhintay waddada Yaman?

Mashruuca Muhaajiriinta Maqan (Missing Migrants Project) ee IOM wuxuu diiwaangeliyay 1,860 dhimasho iyo la waayay oo ka dhacay Waddada Bari (Eastern Route) tan iyo 2014, oo ay ku jiraan 480 qof oo ku hafay biyaha (IOM, 11 Juun 2024).

10 Juun 2024, doon ka timid Boosaaso oo sidday 115 Soomaali ah iyo 145 Itoobiyaan ah ayaa ku degtay meel u dhow Shabwa ee Yaman (IOM, 2024). Ugu yaraan 49 qof ayaa dhintay, oo ay ku jiraan 31 haween ah iyo lix carruur ah, 140-na waa la waayay.

Waa maxay tahriib?

Tahriib waa eray Carabi ah oo hadda Af-Soomaaliga caan ku ah. Wuxuu ka dhigan yahay safarka khatarta ah ee Yurub loogu gudbo Saxaraha iyo Badda Dhexe (Rift Valley Institute, 2018). Daraasad Soomaaliyeed ayaa ku qeexday safar dheer, khatar badan oo aan sharci ahayn oo dalal badan mara (Heritage Institute, 2018).

Daraasad UNICEF 2016 ayaa ogaatay in dhallinyarada Puntland iyo Somaliland si joogto ah ugu baxayeen Yurub, iyagoo sii maraya Itoobiya, Suudaan iyo Liibiya (Nimo-Ilhan Ali, Going on Tahriib, 2016). Mukhalasiintu waxay u bandhigeen "hadda soco, dambe bixi", taasoo ku dhiirri-gelisay inay baxaan, sida daraasaddu ogaatay.

Xaggee martaa waddada tahriibku?

Heritage Institute waxay sahan ku samaysay 2,685 qof oo ku nool Kismaayo, Baydhabo, Muqdisho, Gaalkacyo, Beledweyne, Boosaaso iyo Burco (Heritage Institute, 2018). Waxay sharraxday waddooyinkan:

  • Itoobiya, Suudaan, Liibiya, Talyaaniga: mid ka mid ah waddooyinkii ugu horreeyay, kana fudud dadka Somaliland, Puntland iyo gobollada dhexe.
  • Kenya ilaa Suudaan: waxaa inta badan isticmaala dadka Kismaayo iyo Muqdisho ee Yurub u socda.
  • Yaman ilaa Suudaan: waxaa la isticmaalay markii Itoobiya xadkeeda adkaysay; Suudaan waxaa ka baxda waddo Liibiya aadda iyo mid Masar aadda.
  • Turkiga, kadib Giriigga: tan iyo 2014, waddo ka qaalisan, khatarteeduna ka yar tahay, oo inta badan waraaqo safar lagu maro.

Wareysiyo ay Mixed Migration Centre ku samaysay Liibiya waxay ogaadeen in 20 ka mid ah 21 Soomaali ah ay Suudaan soo mareen (MMC 4Mi snapshot, Febraayo 2020). 20-kaas, 13 waxay soo mareen Khartuum, 7 Al-Faashir (El Fasher), 5-na Dongola.

Waddo cusub ayaa ka bilaabata Dhadhaab, kadib Kambaala, Koonfur Suudaan, kadibna Liibiya (ISS Today, Sebtembar 2025). Dadka qorta ayaa qaxootiga dhallinyarada ah kala xiriira WhatsApp iyo TikTok, sida ay isla warbixintaasi sheegtay.

Immisa ayuu ku kacaa tahriibku, waa maxayse magafe?

Inta badan dadka sahanka Heritage waxay sheegeen in gaaridda Yurub ay ku kacdo US$10,000 ilaa US$20,000 (Heritage Institute, 2018). Shabakadaha muhaajiriinta Liibiya geeya, kadibna waalidiinta ka dalba madax-furasho, waxaa la yiraahdaa magafe. Madax-furashadoodu kama dooddo, sida daraasaddu sheegtay.

Qoysasku waxay lacagta ku bixiyaan iibinta waxay haystaan:

  • Burco, 2017-18: hooyo ayaa iibisay dhulkeedii si ay u bixiso US$8,000 oo madax-furasho ah oo loo dalbaday gabadheeda 17 jirka ah ee Liibiya ku jirtay (Radio Ergo, Nofembar 2018).
  • Burco, 2017-18: aabbe ayaa iibiyay gurigiisii si uu uga qayb qaato US$8,500 oo madax-furasho ah oo wiilkiisa loo dalbaday, kadibna waxaa laga dalbaday US$4,000 oo cusub.
  • Sheeko sahanka ka mid ah: aabbe ayaa laga dalbaday US$3,000, mar dambena US$5,000, iyadoo wiilkiisa la garaacayo (Heritage Institute, 2018).
  • Kenya, 2025: qoys ayaa US$10,000 u bixiyay nin dhallinyaro ah, haddana lama sii dayn, sida uu sheegay sarkaal booliis (ISS Today, 2025).

Kooxda Magafe ee Liibiya waxay shaqaynaysay tan iyo 2017, sida uu sheegay Institute for Security Studies (ISS Today, 2025).

Yaa wada shabakadaha tahriibinta?

Ilaha waxay sharraxaan shabakado leh doorar kala duwan, ee ma aha hal urur. Sharraxaad kasta oo hoos ku qoran waa tii isha lafteeda.

  • Dallaaliin dalka gudihiisa jooga oo marka hore bixiya: shabakaduhu waxay bixiyaan kharashka safarka ilaa qofku gaaro Suudaan ama Liibiya, kadibna lacagta ayay qoyska ka dalbadaan, inta badanna waxay socotada haystaan iyagoo madax-furasho dalbanaya ilaa la bixiyo, sida ay Heritage Institute sheegtay (Heritage Institute, 2018, Af-Soomaali). Daraasaddu waxay sheegtay in xakamaynta xuduudaha oo daciif ah iyo xiriirka taleefan ee shabakadaha dibadda ay ka caawiyeen inay koraan.
  • Bixin dib loo dhigay: daraasaddii UNICEF ee 2016 waxay ogaatay in mukhalasiintu dhallinyarada Puntland iyo Somaliland u bandhigayeen qorshayaal "hadda soco, dambe bixi" ah (Nimo-Ilhan Ali, Going on Tahriib, 2016).
  • Kuwa Liibiya madax-furasho ku haysta: shabakadda la yiraahdo magafe, oo shaqaynaysay tan iyo 2017 sida uu sheegay Institute for Security Studies, waxay muhaajiriinta ku haysaa Liibiya, waxayna qaxootiga dhallinyarada ah ee Kenya ku soo xiraysaa WhatsApp iyo TikTok (ISS Today, Sebtembar 2025).
  • Dallaaliinta dukumentiyada ee Nayroobi: warbixin 2011 ah oo ay soo saartay Kooxda La-socodka Qaramada Midoobay ee Soomaaliya iyo Eritrea ayaa sharraxday mukalas, oo ah dallaaliin socdaal oo Islii (Eastleigh) jooga, kuwaas oo baasaboorro, dukumentiyo been abuur ah iyo fiisooyin u iibiya Soomaalida Yurub u socota (UN Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea, S/2011/433, Luulyo 2011). Waxay sheegtay in dallaal ka mid ah uu qaatay US$19,000 oo dammaanad ah oo ay haysay shirkad xawaalad ah, lana bixiyo marka qofku Yurub gaaro, iyo in wakiillada dallaaliintu la xaajoon jireen saraakiisha socdaalka ee xadka Busia.
  • Shaqaalaha doonyaha Gacanka Cadmeed: 2012 Khabiirka Madaxa-bannaan ee Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan Soomaaliya ayaa sheegay in mukhalasiin saarnaa doon Yaman u socotay la sheegay inay 22 rakaab ah badda ku tuureen kadib markii mishiinku xumaaday (UN News, 14 Febraayo 2012).

Xukunno. Oktoobar 2017 maxkamad ku taal Milan ayaa xabsi daa'in ku xukuntay Osman Matammud, muwaadin Soomaaliyeed oo 22 jir ah, dil, afduub madax-furasho iyo xadgudub galmo oo uu u geystay muhaajiriin ku jiray xero ku taal Bani Walid, Liibiya (Libyan Express, 10 Oktoobar 2017). 17 markhaati ayaa ka marag kacay. Abriil 2015 maxkamad ku taal Sicily ayaa xukuntay 20 Soomaali ah oo wadi jiray shabakad muhaajiriin ka keeni jirtay Kenya iyo Soomaaliya ilaa Talyaaniga, una sii gudbin jirtay waqooyiga Yurub, gaar ahaan Iswiidhan (Maritime Executive, 30 Abriil 2015).

Xaggee ku dambeeyeen dadkii tahriibay?

Sahanka Heritage, 54 boqolkiiba dadka qaraabadoodu tageen waxay sheegeen in qaraabadaasi Yurub aadeen (Heritage Institute, 2018). 19 boqolkiiba kale waxay aadeen Sacuudi Carabiya, 15 boqolkiiba Koonfur Afrika, 7 boqolkiibana Mareykanka.

Talyaanigu wuxuu diiwaangeliyay 6,698 Soomaali ah oo badda ka yimid Jannaayo ilaa Oktoobar 2016, waxayna ka yaraayeen 11,020-kii isla bilahaas 2015 (IOM, Nofembar 2016). IOM waxay Badda Dhexe ku tirisay 4,655 dhimasho 2016 ilaa 20 Nofembar, dhammaan dalalka.

Soomaaliya ma dib uga soo celisaa dadka Liibiya?

Haa, iyadoo maalgelin ka helaysa Midowga Yurub (EU) iyo IOM. Sebtembar 2025, 184 Soomaali ah oo Liibiya ku xayirnaa ayaa diyaarad loogu soo celiyay dalka: 152 Muqdisho, 32-na Hargeysa (Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda, 2025).

2 Luulyo 2026, 129 kale ayaa dalka soo gaaray, 19 ka mid ah Hargeysa (Dawan Africa, Luulyo 2026). Taasi waxay wadarta 2026 ka dhigtay ku dhawaad 500. Mid ka mid ah dadkii soo laabtay ayaa sheegay inuu shan bilood ku jiray dhowr xarumood oo dadka lagu xiro.

Sidee bay u shaqaysaa waddada koonfureed ee Koonfur Afrika?

Dadku dhulka ayay maraan, ama badda ayay ku tagaan Musambiig, kadibna waddada. Muhaajiriinta Itoobiyaanka iyo Soomaalida ah waxay sii maraan Kenya, Tansaaniya, Malaawi, Musambiig, Saambiya iyo Simbaabwe (ENACT, Maajo 2018).

  • Tirada: qiyaastii 13,400 ilaa 14,050 Itoobiyaan iyo Soomaali ah ayaa safarkan galay 2017 (ENACT, 2018).
  • Qiimaha: mukhalasiintu waxay safarkiiba qaadan jireen qiyaastii US$2,500 ilaa US$5,000, sida ay isla warbixintu sheegtay.
  • Mukhalasiinta: 97 boqolkiiba Itoobiyaanka iyo Soomaalida lagu wareystay Koonfur Afrika 2014-16 waxay isticmaaleen mukhalasiin.
  • Dhimashada: Desembar 2017, meydadka 13 muhaajiriin Soomaaliyeed ah oo u badan inay neef la'aan ugu dhinteen gaari xamuul oo konteenar ah ayaa laga helay Musambiig.

Dhallinyaro badan oo Kismaayo ah ayaa aada Angola, Koonfur Afrika iyo Musambiig, qaarna waxay u sii gudbaan Mareykanka ama Yurub (Heritage Institute, 2018). Isla sahankaas wuxuu gaaridda Koonfur Afrika ku qiyaasay US$2,000 ilaa US$3,000. Magaalooyinka Kenya u dhow, sida Kismaayo, ayaa koonfurta u dira dad ka badan.

Yaa diyaarad ku baxay?

Dadka haysta fiise, deeq waxbarasho ama boos dib u dejin qaxooti. Mareykanku wuxuu bilaabay inuu fiise siiyo qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed 1992 (MNopedia). Qaar kale ayaa markii dambe ku biiray qaraabadooda, iyagoo qoysku ka dammaanad qaaday, sida ay isla ishaasi sheegtay.

  • Soomaali Bantu: qoysaskii ugu horreeyay waxay Kenya uga duuleen Mareykanka Maajo 2003; ilaa 12,000 ayaa la qorsheeyay (Smithsonian, 2004).
  • Bartamihii 2000-meeyadii: Mareykanku wuxuu sannadkii qaatay qiyaastii 10,000 Soomaali ah, qaar badan oo ku yimid barnaamijkiisa isku-keenidda qoysaska, oo loo yaqaan P-3 (PBS Frontline, 2015).
  • Turkiga: deeqaha waxbarasho ee Turkiga ayaa qaar u noqday waddo Yurub loo maro, sida ay daraasadda Heritage sheegtay (Heritage Institute, 2018).

Maxaa ku dhacay isku-keenidda qoysaska 2008 kadib?

Horraantii 2008, Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka waxay Nayroobi baaritaan DNA ku samaysay 476 codsade oo isku-keenidda qoysaska ah (PBS Frontline, 2015). 16 boqolkiiba oo keliya ayaa la mid noqday qaraabada ay qoreen oo dhan; 39 boqolkiiba ugu yaraan hal qof kuma aysan beegmin; 45 boqolkiibana way diideen ama ma iman.

Mas'uuliyiintu barnaamijka waxay hakiyeen in ka badan afar sannadood. Wuxuu dib u furmay 2012, iyadoo baaritaanka DNA lagu xiray xiriirka waalidka iyo ilmaha (Frontline, 2015). Dadka dhaleeceeyay waxay sheegeen in hal natiijo khaldan ay calaamadin karto qoys dhan, iyo in diidmadu aysan caddayn khiyaano.

Yaa dib loo celiyay?

  • Sacuudi Carabiya, 2014: mas'uuliyiinta Sacuudiga waxay Muqdisho u tarxiileen 12,332 Soomaali ah intii u dhexeysay 1 Jannaayo iyo 3 Febraayo 2014 (HRW, 18 Febraayo 2014). Midkoodna ma codsan karin magangalyo, dadkii la tarxiilayna waxay sheegeen garaac ka dhacay meelihii lagu hayay.
  • Mareykanka: qiyaastii 275 Soomaali ah ayaa la tarxiilay 2017, 84 kalena waxay ku yimaadeen laba duulimaad Juun 2018 (VOA, 29 Juun 2018).
  • Kenya, 2007-09: Human Rights Watch waxay aaminsanayd in boqollaal, laga yaabo kumanaan, dib loo celiyay markii xadka la xiray kadib (HRW, 2009).

Immisa ayaa iskood u soo laabtay?

Kenya, Soomaaliya iyo UNHCR waxay 10 Nofembar 2013 saxiixeen heshiis ku saabsan soo laabashada mutadawacnimada ah (The Star, Kenya, 2019). Tirooyinku way kala duwan yihiin:

  • Dowladda Kenya: qiyaastii 300,000 Soomaali ah ayaa Kenya ka soo laabtay tan iyo Desembar 2014, sida uu sheegay Ku-xigeenka Madaxweynaha William Ruto (The Star).
  • UNHCR: 85,904 qof oo Kenya ka soo laabtay, iyo 141,673 qaxooti oo soo laabtay guud ahaan tan iyo Desembar 2014 (UNHCR dashboard, Nofembar 2025).

Itoobiya, in ka badan 230,000 qof ayaa ka soo laabtay waqooyi-galbeed intii u dhexeysay Abriil 1997 iyo Luulyo 2004 (UN News, 2004). Yaman, 53,515 ayaa ka soo laabtay tan iyo Desembar 2014 (UNHCR, Nofembar 2025).

Bogag la xiriira

Ilaha

  1. UNHCR. "Refugees from Somalia", Horn of Africa situation data portal, xog ilaa 31 Oktoobar 2026. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/horn. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
  2. Human Rights Watch. "From Horror to Hopelessness". HRW, 30 Maarso 2009. https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/03/30/horror-hopelessness/kenyas-forgotten-somali-refugee-crisis. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
  3. UN News. "Once world's largest refugee camp in Ethiopia now closed". Qaramada Midoobay, 1 Luulyo 2004. https://news.un.org/en/node/108122. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
  4. Human Rights Watch. "World Report 1990: Somalia". HRW, 1991. https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1990/WR90/AFRICA.BOU-09.htm. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
  5. Human Rights Watch. "Hostile Shores: Abuse and Refoulement of Asylum Seekers and Refugees in Yemen". HRW, 20 Desembar 2009. https://www.hrw.org/en/node/87224/section/9. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
  6. Nimo-Ilhan Ali (Rift Valley Institute). "Going on Tahriib: The causes and consequences of Somali youth migration to Europe". UNICEF Soomaaliya, Juun 2016. https://www.unicef.org/somalia/reports/going-tahriib. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
  7. Ciara Aucoin iyo Edwin Hlase. "Africa's southern-bound migrants". ENACT, Institute for Security Studies, 31 Maajo 2018. https://issafrica.org/enactafrica/research/trend-reports/africas-southern-bound-migrants. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
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  9. Eastleigh Voice. "More Ethiopians than Somalis migrating irregularly to Kenya, IOM report reveals". https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/international%20organisation%20for%20migration/159759/more-ethiopians-than-somalis-migrating-irregularly-to-kenya-iom-report-reveals. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
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Ilaha

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  3. UN News, 2004 · news.un.org
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