Dhadhaab iyo xeryaha qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed ee Kenya

Immisa Soomaali ah ayaa ku nool xeryaha iyo magaalooyinka Kenya?

31 Oktoobar 2026, Kenya waxay martigelisay 334,733 qaxooti iyo 156,636 magangalyo-doon oo Soomaaliya ka yimid (UNHCR ODP, Kenya). Soomaalidu waxay ahaayeen 51.5% dhammaan qaxootiga Kenya iyo 65.9% dhammaan magangalyo-doonka (isla ishaas).

Inta badan waxay ku nool yihiin Dhadhaab, oo ku taal Degmada (County) Gaarisa. 41,080 Soomaali ah oo kale ayaa ku noolaa Degmada Turkana, halkaas oo Kakuma ku taal (UNHCR ODP, Turkana). Nayroobi, 25,281 qaxooti iyo magangalyo-doon ayaa Soomaaliya ka yimid (UNHCR ODP, Nairobi).

Dhadhaab: goormay furantay, intee bayse le'ekaatay?

Dhadhaab waxay xadka Soomaaliya u jirtaa qiyaastii 100 km (UNFPA, 4 Oktoobar 2011). Waxaa la sameeyay 1991, waxaana loogu talagalay dadka ka cararaya dagaalka Soomaaliya (Al Jazeera Liberties, 18 Maajo 2026). Buugga Ben Rawlence wuxuu dadka joogtada ah ee xerada ka bilaabay 1992 (Kirkus, dib u eegista City of Thorns, 2016).

Dhadhaab waxaa loo qorsheeyay 90,000 qof (Ikanda, bpb, 10 Nofembar 2020). 2011, qiyaastii 130,000 qof ayaa yimid, iyagoo ka cararaya abaar iyo macaluul (Al Jazeera Liberties, 2026).

Tirada ugu badnayd si kala duwan ayaa loo sheegay:

• UNFPA, Oktoobar 2011: in ka badan 470,000 qof, xerada qaxooti ee ugu weyneyd adduunka (UNFPA).
• Al Jazeera, 2026: in ka badan 500,000 sannadkii 2011 (Al Jazeera Liberties).
• Ikanda, 2020: qiyaastii 450,000 bartamihii 2010-meeyadii (bpb).

Tirada ugu yarayd ee dhowaan waxay timid markii dad badan iskood u laabteen. Dhammaadkii Maarso 2020, Dhadhaab waxay haysatay 217,511 qaxooti (bpb, 2020).

Waa maxay xeryaha Dhadhaab, mid mid?

Dadka 31 Oktoobar 2026, sida ku cad UNHCR ODP, Garissa:

• Hagardheer (Hagadera): 145,449 qof (33.1% Dhadhaab).
• Dagaxaley (Dagahaley): 109,154 qof (24.9%).
• Ifo: 95,398 qof (21.7%).
• Ifo 2: 88,963 qof (20.3%).
• Kambioos: tiro gaar ah laguma daabacin bogga.

Ifo 2 iyo Kambioos waxaa la sameeyay 2011 si loo qaabilo dadka cusub (The Star, 10 Jannaayo 2023). Kambioos waxaa la xiray 2017, Ifo 2-na 2018 (bpb, 2020). UNHCR waxay labada xero ee madhan ku wareejisay dowladda Kenya Juun 2019 (VOA, 21 Juun 2019).

Jannaayo 2023, Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Kithure Kindiki ayaa Ifo 2 iyo Kambioos mar kale u magacaabay xeryo qaxooti (The Star, 10 Jannaayo 2023). Sababta la sheegay waxay ahayd qiyaastii 24,000 qof oo Soomaaliya ka cusub oo ku noolaa hoyal ku-meelgaar ah (isla ishaas).

Immisa qof ayaa ku dhashay kuna koray Dhadhaab?

Xogta da'da ayaa muujinaysa sida ay xeryuhu u yihiin dhallinyaro. 425,008 Soomaali ah oo Dhadhaab joogay 31 Oktoobar 2026, 244,119 waxay ahaayeen carruur ka yar 18 sano (UNHCR ODP, Garissa, kala qaybinta da'da).

Carruurtaas, 70,354 waxay ka yaraayeen shan sano (isla ishaas). 2011, UNFPA waxay sheegtay in qiyaastii 60% dadka Dhadhaab ay dhallinyaro ahaayeen (UNFPA, 2011).

Warbixinaha jiilka saddexaad way kala duwan yihiin:

• Nation (Kenya), oo soo xigtay UNHCR: in ka badan 100,000 qaxooti jiilka labaad ah, iyo qiyaastii 15,000 jiilka saddexaad ah (Daily Nation).
• Devex, 2011: qiyaastii 10,000 qaxooti jiilka saddexaad ah oo waalidkoodna xeryaha ku dhasheen (Devex).

Gabadh dhallinyaro ah oo ku dhalatay Dagaxaley ayaa 2021 u sheegtay MSF: "Noloshayda oo dhan, Dagaxaley oo keliya ayaan aqaan." Saddexdeeda carruur ahna xerada ayay ku dhasheen (MSF, 18 Juun 2021).

Nin dhallinyaro ah oo Ifo ku dhashay qiyaastii 1991 ayaa UNFPA u sheegay in markuu 20 jirsaday uusan weli haysan kaarka aqoonsiga Kenya. "Mararka qaar waxaan is weydiiyaa inaan Soomaali ahay, ama muwaadin Kenyan ah maadaama aan halkan ku dhashay," ayuu yiri (UNFPA, 2011).

Carruurtu ma dhigan karaan iskuul Dhadhaab?

Febraayo 2024, UNHCR waxay taageertay 45,651 arday oo Dhadhaab ah, 20,042 ka mid ah gabdho (UNHCR Kenya Operational Update, Febraayo 2024). Waxay wax ku baranayeen 23 dugsi hoose iyo lix dugsi sare (isla ishaas).

2011, qiyaastii 48% carruurta ayaa iskuul ku jiray, Dhadhaabna waxay lahayd hal dugsi sare oo keliya (UNFPA, 2011). UNHCR waxay qiyaastaa in qiyaastii kala bar qaxootiga Kenya ee da'da iskuulka ay weli iskuul la'yihiin (UNHCR Kenya, education).

Qaxootiga Kenya ma shaqayn karaan, ma ka bixi karaanse xeryaha?

Qaxootigu waxay u baahan yihiin ogolaansho gaar ah si ay xeryaha uga baxaan, shaqaduna way yar tahay (Al Jazeera Liberties, 2026). Gargaarka cuntadu wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay 28% qaybta buuxda bartamihii 2025, gargaarka lacagta caddaanka ahna waa la joojiyay (isla ishaas).

Sharciga Qaxootiga Kenya ee 2021 (Refugees Act 2021) waxaa la saxiixay 17 Nofembar 2021, wuxuuna dhaqan galay 21 Febraayo 2022 (Refugees Act 2021, Judy Legal). Qodobka 28(5) wuxuu qaxootiga siinayaa xaqa ay u leeyihiin inay shaqeeyaan, ganacsi furtaan ama xirfad ku shaqeeyaan (HIAS analysis).

Isla sharcigaas wuxuu sii hayaa "meelo loo qoondeeyay" oo ay qaxootigu ku qasban yihiin inay ku noolaadaan (Refugees Act 2021, qodobbada 30 ilaa 33). HIAS waxay xustay in sharcigu uusan waxba ka odhan xorriyadda socodka, uuna sii wado siyaasadda xeryaha (HIAS).

Waa maxay Qorshaha Shirika ee Kenya?

Qorshaha Shirika waxaa la bilaabay Maarso 2025, waana qorshe kow iyo toban sano ah (Al Jazeera Liberties, 2026). Wuxuu doonayaa in Dhadhaab iyo Kakuma laga dhigo dowladaha hoose (municipalities) oo ay wadaagaan qaxootiga iyo bulshada Kenyanka ee martigelisa (isla ishaas). Miisaaniyaddiisa la qiyaasay waa $943 milyan (isla ishaas).

Qorshuhu wuxuu qaxootiga u ballanqaadayaa aqoonsi, ruqsad ganacsi, bangi iyo adeegyo (AllAfrica, Luulyo 2025). Qaxootiga aan ku biirin waxay dooran karaan inay iskood u laabtaan, ama haddii ay nugul yihiin, dib u dejin (isla ishaas).

Goormay Kenya isku dayday inay xiro xeryaha, maxayse maxkamaduhu yiraahdeen?

• 6 Maajo 2016: Xoghayaha Joogtada ah ee Arrimaha Gudaha Karanja Kibicho ayaa sheegay in Kenya joojinayso martigelinta qaxootiga, ayna kala diraysa Waaxdeeda Arrimaha Qaxootiga (Human Rights Watch, 6 Maajo 2016). Kenya xilligaas waxay martigelisay in ka badan 463,000 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed (isla ishaas).
• 9 Febraayo 2017: Garsooraha Maxkamadda Sare John Mativo ayaa amarka xiritaanka ku xukumay mid aan sharci ahayn oo buray (Amnesty International, 9 Febraayo 2017). Dacwadda waxaa keenay Guddiga Qaranka ee Xuquuqda Aadanaha Kenya iyo Kituo Cha Sheria (isla ishaas).
• Maarso 2021: Wasiirka Arrimaha Gudaha Fred Matiang'i ayaa UNHCR siiyay laba toddobaad si ay u keento qorshe xiritaan (Al Jazeera, 29 Abriil 2021).
• Abriil 2021: Maxkamadda Sare waxay soo saartay amar ku-meelgaar ah oo 30 maalmood ah oo hakinaya xiritaanka degdegga ah (isla ishaas).
• 29 Abriil 2021: Kenya waxay sheegtay in Dhadhaab iyo Kakuma labaduba la xiri doono 30 Juun 2022 (isla ishaas). Taariikhdaas lama xirin (Al Jazeera opinion, 28 Maajo 2022).

Waa maxay xeryihii xeebta Kenya horraantii 1990-meeyadii?

Horraantii 1990-meeyadii, Kenya waxay sameysay 17 xero qaxooti; inta badan waxaa la xiray bartamihii 1990-meeyadii (bpb, 2020). Maajo 1994, UNHCR waxay liis gareysay 13 xero, oo ay ku jiraan Utange, Marafa, Jomvu, Hatimy iyo Swaleh Nguru (Guddiga Socdaalka iyo Qaxootiga Kanada, ecoi.net).

• Swaleh Nguru ("xerada Banaadir"), Mombaasa: 4,542 qaxooti Banaadiri ah Maajo 1994 (isla ishaas). Weli way shaqaynaysay 1997, kadib markii xiritaannadii 1995 ay keeneen kooxo kale oo Soomaaliyeed (isla ishaas).
• Utange iyo Marafa: waxaa la xiray 1995, sida ay UNHCR sheegtay (isla ishaas).
• Jomvu iyo Hatimy: waxaa lagu magacaabay codsigii Kenya ee Juun 1994 ee xiritaanka xeryaha xeebta (isla ishaas).

Juun 1994, UNHCR waxaa la sheegay inay xeebta ka raraysay 7,394 qaxooti oo loo qaaday Kakuma, 1,483-na Dhadhaab (isla ishaas). Maarso 1997, waxay bilowday inay 16,704 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed u rarto Kakuma iyo Dhadhaab (AFP, oo isla ishaasi soo xigatay).

Waa maxay Liibooy?

Liibooy (Liboi) waa magaalo Kenya ah oo xadka ku taal. Laga bilaabo dabayaaqadii 1991, qaxootigu halkaas ayay ka gudbi jireen, ama doon ayay ku iman jireen xeebta (UNHCR evaluation, CORE). Dadka Liibooy ka gudba waa la baari jiray markay yimaadaan, kadibna waxaa loo gudbin jiray xeryaha Dhadhaab (isla ishaas).

Kakuma: immisa Soomaali ah ayaa halkaas ku nool?

Kakuma, oo ku taal Degmada Turkana, waxay furantay 1992 kadib markii ay yimaadeen "Wiilashii Lumay ee Suudaan" (Lost Boys of Sudan) (UNHCR Kenya, Kakuma). Degsiimada Isku-dhafan ee Kalobeyei waxaa lagu daray 2016 (isla ishaas).

31 Oktoobar 2026, Kakuma waxay haysatay 240,551 qof, Kalobeyei-na 89,101 (UNHCR ODP, Turkana). Dadka xeryaha degmadaas, 41,080 waxay ka yimaadeen Soomaaliya, oo ah 12.5% wadarta (isla ishaas).

Cilmi-yaqaanka bulshada (anthropologist) Catherine-Lune Grayson ayaa daraasad ku samaysay dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed ee halkaas ku koray (Berghahn Books, Children of the Camp, 2017).

Bogag la xiriira

• Xeryaha qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed
• Qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed oo tirooyin ah
• Kenya (Ingiriisi)

Ilaha

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