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Travel and road safety in Somalia: border crossings and road accidents in numbers
In 2024, 296,078 people arrived in Somalia through the borders that the Immigration and Citizenship Agency counts, and 316,890 left. Almost all of them travelled by air. In Mogadishu the police recorded 1,126 road accident victims in 2024, including 84 deaths, the highest number of victims since records began in 2013. The WHO estimates Somalia's road death rate at 15.1 per 100,000 people in 2023, down from about 29 in 2016 to 2019.
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Where these numbers come from
- Border crossings: the Immigration and Citizenship Agency (ICA) counts people crossing at the borders it staffs.
- Road accidents: the Somali Police Force's Road Safety Unit counts road accidents in Mogadishu.
- Where both are published: the Somali National Bureau of Statistics publishes both counts in its yearly Somalia Facts and Figures. The 2024 edition gives arrivals and departures for 2020 to 2024 and road accidents for 2013 to 2024 (SNBS, Facts and Figures 2024, tables 1.16 to 1.19).
- National road deaths: for the whole country, the World Health Organization models an estimate each year (WHO Global Health Observatory, road traffic deaths).
Every figure is in the data file somalia-travel-and-road-safety-2013-2024.csv on this page. See also Immigration and Citizenship Agency, Somali Police Force and National Bureau of Statistics.
Arrivals and departures, 2020 to 2024
| Year | Arrivals by air | by sea | by land | All arrivals | Departures by air | by sea | by land | All departures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 132,787 | 16,771 | 26,418 | 175,976 | 133,183 | 14,475 | 22,692 | 170,350 |
| 2021 | 148,115 | none given | 18,522 | 166,637 | 171,454 | none given | 15,954 | 187,408 |
| 2022 | 26,672 | 222 | 63,820 | 90,714 | 112,332 | 222 | 6,776 | 119,330 |
| 2023 | 276,601 | 3,406 | 12,231 | 292,238 | 302,041 | 2,052 | 16,359 | 320,452 |
| 2024 | 291,648 | 4,430 | none given | 296,078 | 312,530 | 4,360 | none given | 316,890 |
Source: SNBS, Facts and Figures 2024, tables 1.16 and 1.17, from ICA records.
- The SNBS figures as published: the 2022 air arrivals (26,672) are far below the 2022 air departures (112,332). Land crossings are blank for 2024, and sea crossings for 2021. The figures are given here as published, so a change from year to year may reflect what was counted rather than how many people travelled.
Road accidents in Mogadishu, 2013 to 2024
| Year | All victims | Minor injury | Serious injury | Deaths | Vehicles involved | Cars | Rickshaws (bajaj) | Army vehicles | Motorcycles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 561 | 279 | 203 | 79 | 2,388 | 2,051 | 146 | 191 | not counted |
| 2014 | 761 | 371 | 268 | 122 | 2,740 | 2,407 | 217 | 116 | not counted |
| 2015 | 742 | 420 | 257 | 65 | 2,778 | 2,286 | 377 | 115 | not counted |
| 2016 | 881 | 470 | 328 | 83 | 2,870 | 2,291 | 468 | 111 | not counted |
| 2017 | 1,060 | 477 | 497 | 86 | 3,279 | 2,459 | 706 | 114 | not counted |
| 2018 | 1,036 | 533 | 426 | 77 | 3,036 | 2,124 | 803 | 109 | not counted |
| 2019 | 945 | 491 | 360 | 94 | 2,860 | 1,945 | 844 | 71 | not counted |
| 2020 | 849 | 454 | 327 | 68 | 2,236 | 1,511 | 691 | 34 | not counted |
| 2021 | 1,078 | 522 | 470 | 86 | 2,741 | 1,711 | 979 | 51 | not counted |
| 2022 | 1,033 | 563 | 401 | 69 | 2,646 | 1,578 | 1,028 | 40 | not counted |
| 2023 | 1,002 | 502 | 419 | 81 | 2,041 | 1,178 | 804 | 59 | 85 |
| 2024 | 1,126 | 715 | 327 | 84 | 2,532 | 1,672 | 808 | 52 | 263 |
Source: SNBS, Facts and Figures 2024, tables 1.18 and 1.19, from the Somali Police Force Road Safety Unit.
- Deaths: these ranged from 65 (2015) to 122 (2014).
- Rickshaws: bajaj rickshaws in accidents rose from 146 in 2013 to over 1,000 in 2022.
- Motorcycles: these have been counted only since 2023.
- What is counted: the figures cover accidents reported to the police in Mogadishu only.
Road deaths across Somalia: WHO estimates
| Year | Estimated deaths per 100,000 people |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 31.0 |
| 2016 | 28.1 |
| 2019 | 28.9 |
| 2020 | 20.2 |
| 2021 | 20.2 |
| 2022 | 17.4 |
| 2023 | 15.1 |
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory, indicator RS_198. For 2021 the WHO estimates 3,440 road deaths in Somalia, with a range of 2,811 to 4,068 (indicator RS_196). These are model estimates, and the range for 2023 is wide, from 6.4 to 27 per 100,000. The full series from 2000 is in the data file.
How to use it
- Download the data: the CSV has one row per measure and year, with its source.
- Check the originals: the SNBS publishes Facts and Figures each year on nbs.gov.so, and the WHO data is open through its Global Health Observatory.
Sources
- SNBS, Facts and Figures 2024, tables 1.16 to 1.19 · nbs.gov.so
- WHO Global Health Observatory, road traffic deaths · who.int
- WHO Global Health Observatory, indicator RS198 · ghoapi.azureedge.net
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