# Wadaad, sheekh, macallin iyo xaaji: kaalmaha iyo magacyada diinta ee Soomaalida > Kaalmaha diinta ee Soomaalida: wadaadka, sheekha, macallinka, xaajiga iyo aw, waxa mid kastaa qaban jiray, far wadaad, aqoonta dhaqanka iyo daaweynta, iyo isbeddelkii 1950 kadib. Source page: https://calankii.com/so/society/wadaad-sheekh-and-xaaji-religious-roles/ Language: so Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/society/wadaad-sheekh-and-xaaji-religious-roles/ Last checked: 2026-11-13 Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com) ## Wadaadka Erayga Soomaaliga ah *wadaad* (wadaaddo) macnihiisu waa nin diin. Cilmi-baaraha bulshada I. M. Lewis wuxuu 1958 qoray: "Qof kasta oo noloshiisa u huray diinta waa wadaad, hadduu Carabiga wax yar uun ka yaqaanno" ([Wadaad's writing, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Lewis, 1958, b. 135](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing)). Daraasadda dalka ee Maktabadda Koongareeska Mareykanku waxay wadaaddada ku tilmaantaa "lakabka ugu da'da weyn ee dadka wax qora iyo wax akhriya ee Soomaaliya". Waxay ahaayeen "macallimiin aasaasi ah iyo nootaayo maxalli ah, iyo sidoo kale garsoorayaal iyo aqoonyahanno sharciga diinta". Dhif bay ahaayeen culimo caqiido. Qaar waxay ka tirsanaayeen dariiqo suufi ah; kuwo kalena waxay ka dhasheen abtirsiin leh dhaqan diineed oo xooggan, waxaana u bannaanayd inay salaadda tujiyaan, xoolona ku gowracaan arooska, ciidaha iyo xafladaha qabriyada awliyada, xitaa haddaan si rasmi ah wax u baran ([Library of Congress, Somalia: A Country Study, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/46.htm)). ## Ninka diinta iyo ninka warmaha Isla daraasaddu waxay xustaa in reer guuraaga dhexdooda "duruufaha nolosha xoolo-dhaqashadu ay culays weyn siiyeen kaalinta dagaalyahanka, hoggaamiyayaasha diintana laga filayay inay ka fogaadaan arrimaha siyaasadda". Qaybo ka mid ah koonfurta deggan, dhanka kale, hoggaamiyayaasha diintu "mar waxay qayb muhiim ah ka ahaayeen qaab-dhismeedka bulshada iyo siyaasadda" ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/44.htm)). Wadaaddadu waxay sidoo kale xallin jireen khilaafaadka ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/46.htm)). Tuulooyinka suufiyada (jamaaco), oo lagu dhisay dhul "Ilaah loo bixiyay" inta badanna la dhigay meel u dhexeysa qabiilooyin is-haya, waxay u dhexeeyeen kuwaas ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/47.htm)). Eeg [dariiqooyinka suufiyada](/so/society/sufi-orders-in-somalia/). ## Macallinka socdaalka iyo macallinka dugsiga Waxbarashada diinta waxaa ugu fudud laga heli jiray magaalooyinka. Miyiga, "macallimiinta qaar waxay lugeyn jireen meel ilaa meel iyagoo la socda ardaydooda, kuna noolaa deeqsinimada dadka kale". Waxay wacdiyi jireen, salaadda tujin jireen, u ducayn jireen dadka iyo xoolaha, talo bixin jireen, khilaafaadka xallin jireen, mehersanna jireen ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/46.htm)). Maanta macallinka dugsiga Qur'aanka waxaa la yiraahdaa macallin. Inta badan waa macallin socdaal ah oo bulshada la dega, dhaqan ahaanna waxaa la siiyaa qaalin marka ardaygu Qur'aanka oo dhan dhammaystiro ([Abdihakim Mohamed, "The Somali Quran school", Geeska, 25 Abriil 2025](https://www.geeska.com/en/somali-quran-school)). Eeg [dugsiyada Qur'aanka](/so/society/quran-schools-and-religious-learning/). ## Sheekh Magaca Carabiga ah *shaykh* (Soomaali: sheekh) waxaa la siiyaa madaxda laamaha ama jamaacooyinka dariiqooyinka suufiyada, waxaana "badanaa loo hayaa kuwa Islaamka aqoonta u leh, dhif ahaanna lagu sheegaa wadaaddada caadiga ah". Xubnaha dariiqooyinka waxaa la oran jiray daraawiish ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/47.htm)). Shakhsiyaad badan oo diineed oo Soomaaliyeed oo caan ah ayaa magacan sita, laga bilaabo Sheekh Isaaq ilaa Sheekh Uweys al-Baraawi iyo Sheekh Suufi. Eeg [culimada iyo awliyada Soomaaliyeed](/so/society/somali-sufi-scholars-and-saints/). ## Aw *Aw* waa magac sharafeed Soomaaliyeed oo hore oo nin wali ah. Caalimkii Saylac ee loo xuso Aw Barkhadle waxaa loogu yeeraa magac macnihiisu yahay "Aabbaha Barakaysan" ([Wadaad's writing, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Abdullahi 2001 iyo Lewis 1958](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing)). Hiddaha Soomaalidu sidaas oo kale ayuu ugu magacdaraa macallimiin hore oo kale, oo ay ka mid yihiin Aw Qutub iyo Aw Cismaan ([Islam in Somalia, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Mohamed-Abdi 1992](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)). Eeg [Aw Barkhadle](/en/people/aw-barkhadle/). ## Xaaji Soomaaligii xajka Maka gutay waxaa loogu yeeri karaa xaaji. Daraasadda Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay xustaa in Soomaalida diinta adag, "iyo kuwo kale oo magaca xaaji u qiimeeyay sharaftiisa", ay xajka u ambabixi jireen ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/45.htm)). Magacu wuxuu ku jiraa magacyo badan oo Soomaaliyeed, sida caalimka Xaaji Cali Majeerteen ([Haji Ali Majeerteen, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Ali_Majeerteen)). Eeg [xajka Soomaaliya](/so/society/hajj-from-somalia/). ## Far wadaad Ka hor intaan far Laatiinka Soomaaliga la qaadan 1972, wadaaddadu waxay Af-Soomaaliga ku qori jireen xarfaha Carabiga, waxaana loo yaqaannay *far wadaad*. Hiddaha ayaa Aw Barkhadle u aaneeya inuu magacyo Soomaali ah u sameeyay shaqallada Carabiga. Qarnigii 19aad Sheekh Uweys al-Baraawi wuxuu farta Carabiga u habeeyay qorista lahjadda Maayga, 1930-meeyadiina Maxamed Cabdi Makaahiil wuxuu isku dayay inuu higgaadda mideeyo ([Wadaad's writing, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadaad%27s_writing)). ## Aqoonta dhaqanka iyo daaweynta Daraasadda Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay sharraxdaa qaybo kale oo ka mid ah aqoonta wadaadka ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/48.htm)): - xiddigis dhaqameed oo ku salaysan xiddigaha iyo xilliyada, oo loo isticmaalo goorta guuritaanka iyo cibaadooyin Soomaaliyeed qaarkood; - xirsi ilaalin ah oo ay ku qoran tahay aayad Qur'aan ah; - akhrinta Qur'aanka ee cudurrada la rumaysan yahay inay jinni ka yimaadaan; - habaar laga cabsado, oo loo isticmaalo ciqaab ahaan. ## Sida kaalmuhu isu beddeleen Daraasaddu waxay sheegtaa in kaalinta shaqaalaha diintu "bilaabatay inay yaraato 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii" markii qaar ka mid ah waajibaadkoodii sharci iyo waxbarasho loo wareejiyay saraakiisha dowladda. 1969 kadib dowladdii militarigu waxay hoggaamiyayaasha diinta u sheegtay inay ka fogaadaan siyaasadda ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/44.htm)), 1975-na waxay toogatay toban culimo oo ka soo horjeeday xeerka qoyska cusub ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/49.htm)). Eeg [Xeerka Qoyska 1975 iyo tobankii culimo](/so/society/family-law-1975-and-the-ten-scholars/) iyo [dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamka 1950 wixii ka dambeeyay](/so/society/islamic-movements-in-somalia-since-1950/). ## Akhris dheeraad ah - I. M. Lewis, *Saints and Somalis: Popular Islam in a Clan-Based Society* (Red Sea Press, 1998). - [Islaamka Soomaaliya](/so/society/islam-in-somalia/) - [Awliyada, qabriyada iyo siyaarada](/so/society/saints-shrines-and-siyaaro/)