# Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamka ee Soomaaliya 1950 wixii ka dambeeyay: Salafiyada, Islaax, maxkamadaha iyo suufiyada

> Dhaqdhaqaaqyada Islaamka Soomaaliya 1950 wixii ka dambeeyay: kooxaha Salafiyada, al-Itixaad, Islaax (1978), Tabliiq, maxkamadaha shareecada, Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca iyo al-Shabaab, taariikho iyo ilo.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/society/islamic-movements-in-somalia-since-1950/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/society/islamic-movements-in-somalia-since-1950/
Last checked: 2026-11-13
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Si kooban

Qarniyo badan, Islaamka Soomaalida waxaa lagu bari jiray dariiqooyinka suufiyada iyo culimada maxalliga ah. 1950-meeyadii wixii ka dambeeyay waxaa yimid dhaqdhaqaaqyo cusub oo doonayay Islaam adag ama mid siyaasadeed. Boggani wuxuu taxayaa mid kasta, goorta uu bilaabmay iyo waxa iluhu sheegaan inuu sameeyay. Kooxaha hubaysan ee ka soo baxay shabakadahan waxay leeyihiin bogag u gaar ah, oo hoos lagu xiray.

## 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii: Qaahira iyo Khaliijka

Soomaali badan ayaa wax ku bartay Qaahira 1950-meeyadii iyo 1960-meeyadii. Daraasadda dalka ee Maktabadda Koongareeska Mareykanku waxay sheegtaa in fikradaha Masar ee "hantiwadaagga Islaamka" ee xilligii Jamaal Cabdinaasir ay "soo jiiteen tiro Soomaali ah" ([Library of Congress, Somalia: A Country Study, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/49.htm)). Kuwo kale waxay wax ku barteen Sacuudiga, waxayna keeneen waxbarashada Salafiyada, oo diidda booqashada qabriyada iyo shafeecada awliyada ee dariiqooyinka suufiyadu ku dhaqmi jireen ([Cabdiraxmaan M. Cabdullaahi (Baadiyow), The Islamic Movement in Somalia, PhD, McGill University, 2011](https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/qn59q852t)).

Dastuurkii 1961 wuxuu Soomaaliya ku dhawaaqay dowlad Islaam ah, isagoo damiinaya xorriyadda diinta ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/49.htm)). Taariikhyahanka Soomaaliyeed iyo hoggaamiyaha Islaax Baadiyow, oo tixdiisa McGill ee 2011 ay tahay daraasadda ugu weyn ee dhaqdhaqaaqyadan, wuxuu taariikhdooda u qaybiyaa marxalado 1950 ilaa 2000 ([McGill eScholarship](https://escholarship.mcgill.ca/downloads/qn59q852t)).

## Dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii: kooxihii Salafiyada ee ugu horreeyay

Laba urur oo Salafi ah ayaa la aasaasay dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii ([Mapping Militants Project, Stanford, "Al Ittihad Al Islamiya", 2019](https://mappingmilitants.org/node/305)):
- **Waxdat al-Shabaab al-Islaami** (Midowga Dhallinyarada Islaamka), inta badan waqooyiga, oo uu hoggaaminayay Sheekh Cali Warsame.
- **al-Jamaaca al-Islaamiya** (Kooxda Islaamka), inta badan koonfurta.

Aasaasayaashoodu waxay ujeeddo ka lahaayeen "inay la dagaallamaan saamaynta Galbeedka oo ay taageeraan dhisidda dowlad Islaam ah oo Geeska Afrika ah" ([isla ilaha](https://mappingmilitants.org/node/305)).

## 1969 ilaa 1991: xukunkii militariga

Inqilaabkii 1969 kadib, dowladdu waxay xirtay hoggaamiyayaal diineed oo ka mudaaharaaday "hantiwadaagga cilmiga ku dhisan" ([Library of Congress, 1992](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/49.htm)). Janaayo 1975 waxay toogatay toban culimo oo ka soo horjeeday Xeerka Qoyska cusub. Eeg [Xeerka Qoyska 1975 iyo tobankii culimo](/so/society/family-law-1975-and-the-ten-scholars/).

- **1978: Islaax.** Dhaqdhaqaaqa Islaax (Xarakada Islaax) waxaa la aasaasay 1978 isagoo ah laanta Ikhwaanul Muslimiinka ee Soomaaliya. Soo koobid Chatham House ayaa sheegaysa inuu "qaatay hab casri ah oo dhexdhexaad ah oo Islaam ah, isagoo horumarinayay dib-u-habayn Islaam oo nabadeed xilligii xukunka kalitalisnimada" ([Chatham House, "Islamism and Politics in Somalia", soo koobidda kulanka, 12 Juun 2012](https://opendata.uni-halle.de/bitstream/1981185920/109195/15/719467918.pdf)). Baadiyow, oo ah shakhsi sare oo Islaax ah, wuxuu ka mid ahaa aasaasayaashii Jaamacadda Muqdisho 1997 ([Abdurahman Abdullahi Baadiyow, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurahman_Abdullahi_Baadiyow)).
- **Qiyaastii 1984: al-Itixaad al-Islaami (AIAI).** Labadii koox ee Salafiyada ayaa isku biiray; Sheekh Cali Warsame ayaa noqday hoggaamiyaha. Ilaha qaar waxay sheegaan 1983. AIAI si guud iskuma ay soo bandhigin ilaa 1991 kadib ([Mapping Militants Project](https://mappingmilitants.org/node/305)). Eeg [al-Itixaad al-Islaami](/en/institutions/al-itihaad-al-islamiya/).
- **Jamaacada Tabliiqa**, dhaqdhaqaaq dacwo oo Koonfurta Aasiya ka yimid, ayaa sidoo kale faafay, waxaana la socday in tiro yar oo Soomaali ah ay hadda raacaan madhabka Xanafiga halkii Shaaficiga ([Islam in Somalia, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)).

Sida uu sheegay aqoonyahan Afyare Cilmi, kooxahani way koreen markii dowladdu daciiftay, laakiin hub kama qaadin dowladda ka hor intaysan dhicin ([Islam in Somalia, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Elmi, Understanding the Somalia Conflagration, 2010, bb. 58–59](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)). 1990, qiyaastii 60 Soomaali ah oo caan ah, oo isku magacaabay "Islamic Call", ayaa daabacay baaq ay Siyaad Barre uga codsanayeen inuu iska casilo ([isla maqaalka, oo soo xiganaya Massoud 2021](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)).

## 1991 ilaa 2006: maxkamado, hay'ado samafal iyo garabyo hubaysan

- **Maxkamadaha shareecada.** Toddobaadyo gudahood markii dowladdu dhacday Janaayo 1991, culimadu waxay sameeyeen maxkamado shareeco oo maxalli ah si ay u joojiyaan aargoosiga qabiilka una soo celiyaan kala dambaynta ([Islam in Somalia, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Elmi 2010, b. 63](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)). 2000-kii, kow iyo toban maxkamadood oo Muqdisho ah ayaa isku biiray oo noqday Golaha Maxkamadaha Islaamka ([isla maqaalka](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)). Eeg [Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamka, 2006](/so/history/islamic-courts-union-2006/).
- **Sannadihii hubaysnaa ee AIAI.** Weerarkii ugu horreeyay ee AIAI ee la diiwaan geliyay wuxuu ka dhacay Boosaaso Janaayo 1992; kadibna waxay la dagaallantay ONLF dhinaca kale ee xuduudda Itoobiya. Itoobiya waxay weerartay saldhigyadeeda 1996, 4 Janaayo 1997-na waxay ku dhawaaqday inay noqonayso xisbi siyaasadeed. Xubno badan oo hore ayaa u wareegay caafimaadka, waxbarashada iyo ganacsiga ([Mapping Militants Project](https://mappingmilitants.org/node/305); [Islam in Somalia, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Elmi 2010](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)).
- **Islaax** waxay ka qayb gashay shirkii nabadda ee Carta 2000 oo dhisay Dowladdii Ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee Qaranka ([Chatham House, 2012](https://opendata.uni-halle.de/bitstream/1981185920/109195/15/719467918.pdf)).
- **Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca**, urur culimo suufi ah, ayaa la aasaasay 1991 si uu uga horyimaado kooxaha Salafiyada ([Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlu_Sunna_Waljama%27a)).

## 2006 ilaa maanta

- **Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamka** wuxuu haystay Muqdisho iyo inta badan koonfurta qeybtii labaad ee 2006 ilaa ay ciidamada Itoobiya soo galeen Diseembar ([Islamic Courts Union, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Courts_Union)). Eeg [Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamka](/so/history/islamic-courts-union-2006/).
- **Al-Shabaab** waxay ka soo baxday garabkii hubaysnaa ee maxkamadaha, kaas oo taliyayaal hore oo AIAI ah sida Xasan Daahir Aweys ay kaalin hoggaamineed ku lahaayeen ([Mapping Militants Project](https://mappingmilitants.org/node/305)). 2008 wixii ka dambeeyay waxay burburisay qabriyo suufi ah, waxayna dishay culimo suufi ah; Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca ayaa markaas hub ka qaatay ([Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Mapping Militants Project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlu_Sunna_Waljama%27a)). Eeg [al-Shabaab](/so/history/al-shabaab/), [Ahlu Sunna Waljamaaca](/en/institutions/ahlu-sunna-waljamaa/), [Xisbul Islaam](/en/institutions/hizbul-islam/) iyo [Daacish ee Soomaaliya](/en/institutions/islamic-state-somalia/).
- **Dowladda gudaheeda.** Dastuurka 2012 wuxuu sheegayaa in awoodda oo dhan marka hore Ilaah leeyahay, wuxuu Islaamka ka dhigayaa diinta dowladda, dastuurkana wuxuu ku salaynayaa Qur'aanka iyo Sunnada. Qodobbadan waxaa si wadajir ah u ansixiyay ergooyinkii qorayay ([Islam in Somalia, Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa Massoud 2021, b. 202](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Somalia)).

## Meesha dhaqdhaqaaqyadani nolosha maalinlaha ah kula kulmaan

Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanku waxay xustaa in madaarisyo dibadda laga maalgeliyo ay dalka oo dhan ka bixiyaan waxbarasho aasaasi ah oo jaban, iyo in "qaar badan ay bareen fikradda Salafiyada" ([Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, Warbixinta Xorriyadda Diinta 2023, ecoi.net](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/2111587.html)). Eeg [dugsiyada Qur'aanka iyo waxbarashada diinta](/so/society/quran-schools-and-religious-learning/).

## Akhris dheeraad ah

- Abdurahman M. Abdullahi (Baadiyow), *The Islamic Movement in Somalia: A Study of the Islah Movement, 1950–2000* (Adonis & Abbey, 2015) ([daabacaha](https://adonis-abbey.com/book_detail.php?bookid=200)).
- Afyare Abdi Elmi, *Understanding the Somalia Conflagration: Identity, Political Islam and Peacebuilding* (Pluto, 2010).
- Mark Fathi Massoud, *Shari'a, Inshallah: Finding God in Somali Legal Politics* (Cambridge University Press, 2021).
- [Dariiqooyinka suufiyada Soomaaliya](/so/society/sufi-orders-in-somalia/).