# Dir (qoyska qabiilka Dir)

> Qoyska qabiilka Dir: abtirsiinta, laamaha, meesha ay degaan, taariikhda iyo colaadaha dhowaan la diiwaangeliyay, sida ay qoreen EUAA iyo ACCORD.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/society/dir/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/society/dir/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Magaca iyo abtirsiinta

Hay'adda Magangelyada ee Midowga Yurub (EUAA) waxay Dir ku tirisaa mid ka mid ah shanta qoys ee waaweyn ee qabiilada Soomaaliyeed. Kuwa kale waa Isaaq, Daarood, Hawiye iyo Raxanweyn ([EUAA, 2025](https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-somalia/1-general-remarks)). ACLED wuxuu isticmaalaa isla shantaas ([ACLED, 2025](https://acleddata.com/methodology/how-somali-clan-actors-are-coded-acled-data)).

Dir waa mid ka mid ah qoysaska Samaale. EUAA waxay Samaale ku qeexday awoowaha Dir, Isaaq, Daarood iyo Hawiye ([EUAA, 2025, qaamuuska](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Country_Focus.pdf)). Abtirsiinta Soomaalidu waxay Dir ka dhigtaa ina Irir ina Samaale. Hawiye waxaa lagu tiriyaa laanta kale ee Irir ([Wikipedia, kayd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_%28clan%29)).

Dhaqanku wuxuu laba qoys oo kale ku xiraa Dir guur ahaan. Awoowaha Daarood waxaa la sheegaa inuu guursaday gabar Dir ah. Awoowaha Isaaq waxaa la sheegaa inuu guursaday haweeney reer Magaadle ah, oo ah laan Dir (isla ilaha). Cilmi-baaraha I. M. Lewis wuxuu sheegashada ka soo farcanka qoysas Carbeed oo sharaf leh u arkay hab u badan in lagu muujiyo muhiimadda Islaamka ([Wikipedia, Darod, kayd, oo soo xigtay Lewis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darod)).

## Laamaha waaweyn

ACCORD waxay qortay in "Dir ay ka mid yihiin kooxo sida Ciise, Gadabuursi iyo Biyomaal" ([ACCORD, *Clans in Somalia*, 2009, b. 13](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1193130/90_1261130976_accord-report-clans-in-somaliarevised-edition-20091215.pdf)). Abtirsiinta Soomaalidu waxay Dir u qaybisaa afar wiil: Madaxweyne, Madaluug (laanta Gadabuursi), Madoobe (laanta Ciise) iyo Mahe (laanta Biimaal iyo Surre) ([Wikipedia, kayd](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir_%28clan%29)).

Bangiga Adduunka wuxuu leeyahay "ma jiro heshiis cad oo ku saabsan qaab-dhismeedka qabiilada iyo laamaha" ([Bangiga Adduunka, 2005, Lifaaqa 2](https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/b2109b26-2d10-5ac6-85c2-dbfa820c5f6e)).

| Shax | Laamaha Dir ee ay muujiso |
|---|---|
| Koonfurta-dhexe (CRD) | Isaaq (Garxajis, Habar Jeclo, Habar Awal, Habar Tol Jacle), Ciise, Gaadsen, Gadabuursi, Biyomaal iyo Qubeys |
| Puntland (PDRC) | Gadabuursi, Ciise iyo Biyomaal. Isaaq waxay u muujisaa qoys gooni ah. |

Liiska ACLED ee 2025 wuxuu Dir hoos dhigaa: Biyomaal, Ciise, Gadabuursi, Gaadsen, Qubeys, Warday iyo kuwo kale ([ACLED, Sebtembar 2025](https://acleddata.com/system/files/2025-10/Somalia-clan-actor-old-to-new-list_16-September-2025.xlsx)). Laan kasta oo iluhu magacaabaan waxay ku jirtaa [geedka qabiilada](/so/society/somali-clan-tree/).

## Meesha ay degaan

Ma jiro tirakoob qabiil ahaan Soomaalida u tiriya. ACCORD waxay xustay in Soomaalidu inta badan sheegtaan tiro ka badan inta ay yihiin, "si ay xoog u muujiyaan" ([ACCORD 2009, b. 11](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1193130/90_1261130976_accord-report-clans-in-somaliarevised-edition-20091215.pdf)). Meelaha hoose waxay ka yimaadeen warbixinnada amniga ee EUAA, gobol gobol.

| Gobol | Waxa EUAA qortay |
|---|---|
| Awdal | Dadka badankoodu waa Gadabuursi, Boorama-na waa xudunta dhulkooda. Ciise sidoo kale halkan ayay deggan yihiin ([EUAA 2025](https://www.euaa.europa.eu/coi/somalia/2025/security-situation/28-somaliland/281-awdal); [EASO 2021](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf)). |
| Waqooyi Galbeed | Bulshooyin Gadabuursi iyo Ciise ah ayaa ku nool Hargeysa ([EUAA, 2025, Hargeysa](https://euaa.europa.eu/coi/somalia/2025/country-focus/22-hargeisa/221-overview)). |
| Shabeellaha Hoose | Biyomaal waxay deggan yihiin agagaarka Marka ([EUAA 2025](https://euaa.europa.eu/coi/somalia/2025/security-situation/22-south-west/223-lower-shabelle)). |
| Jubbada Hoose | Biyomaal waxay deggan yihiin Jamaame iyo agagaarkeeda ([EASO 2021](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf)). |
| Galgaduud | Kooxo Dir ah ayaa ka mid ah shanta qabiil ee waaweyn ee waqooyiga ([EASO 2021](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf)). |
| Mudug | Kooxo Dir ah ayaa deggan Gaalkacyo iyo Towfiiq. Koox Qubeys ah ayaa deggan koonfurta ([EUAA 2025](https://www.euaa.europa.eu/coi/somalia/2025/security-situation/25-galmudug/252-mudug); [EASO 2021](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf)). |
| Hiiraan | Faqi Cumar iyo Faqi Maxamuud, labaduba Dir, waxay deggan yihiin waqooyi-bari ([EUAA 2025](https://www.euaa.europa.eu/coi/somalia/2025/security-situation/24-hirshabelle/241-hiraan)). |

Warbixin Ingiriis ah waxay Ciise iyo Gadabuursi dhigtaa Somaliland iyo gobollada ku xiga ee Itoobiya iyo Jabuuti ([UK Home Office, 2019](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2002542/Somalia_-_Clans_-_CPIN_V3.0e.pdf)).

## Taariikhda la diiwaangeliyay

- **11 iyo 31 Diseembar 1884.** Gadabuursi iyo Ciise waxay heshiisyo la saxeexdeen Ingiriiska. Eeg [colonial treaties](/so/history/colonial-treaties-1884-1897/).
- **Nofeembar 1896.** Dagaalyahanno Biimaal iyo Wacdaan ah ayaa Lafoole ku dilay qunsulkii Talyaaniga Antonio Cecchi. Iska caabinta Biimaal ee Talyaaniga waxay socotay ilaa 1908. Eeg [resistance, 1890s to 1945](/so/history/resistance-1890s-1945/).
- **Qiyaastii 1933.** Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Sheekh Nuur ayaa Boorama ka sameeyay farta Boorama (Gadabuursi). Eeg [how Somali came to be written](/so/history/somali-language-written-1972/).
- **1950-meeyadii.** Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska, United Somali Party waxay taageero ka heshay Gadabuursi iyo Ciise, iyo Dhulbahante iyo Warsangeli. Eeg [British Somaliland](/so/history/british-somaliland-1884-1960/).
- **1989 iyo 1990.** Gadabuursi waxay aasaaseen [Somali Democratic Alliance](/en/institutions/somali-democratic-alliance/). Xubno Ciise ah ayaa aasaasay United Somali Front ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/73.htm)).
- **2002 ilaa 2010.** [Daahir Riyaale Kaahin](/en/people/dahir-riyale-kahin/) wuxuu ahaa madaxweynaha Somaliland. ACCORD waxay xustay inuu Gadabuursi yahay ([ACCORD 2009, b. 13](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1193130/90_1261130976_accord-report-clans-in-somaliarevised-edition-20091215.pdf)).
- **Sebtembar 2023.** Suldaannada Gadabuursi ayaa ku shiray Ottawa, Kanada. Waxay sheegeen inay doonayaan in Awdal ka baxdo Somaliland ([EUAA 2025, Awdal](https://www.euaa.europa.eu/coi/somalia/2025/security-situation/28-somaliland/281-awdal)).

## Odayaasha iyo xeerka

Hoggaamiyeyaasha sare ee qabiilada Soomaaliyeed waxay leeyihiin magacyo sida *suldaan*, *ugaas* ama *issim*. Doorkoodu waa "inta badan garsoor iyo matalaad". Heer hoose, odayaashu waxay xalliyaan khilaafaadka, waxayna maamulaan dhulka iyo biyaha la wadaago ([UK Home Office, 2019](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2002542/Somalia_-_Clans_-_CPIN_V3.0e.pdf)). Eeg [xeer, Somali customary law](/en/society/xeer-customary-law/).

Nidaamka 4.5 hoostiisa, Dir waxay leeyihiin 61 ka mid ah 275-ta kursi ee Golaha Shacabka. Ilaha badankoodu waxay Isaaq ku tiriyaan qaybtaas Dir. Eeg [Baarlamaanka Federaalka](/so/institutions/federal-parliament/).

## Colaadaha dhowaan la diiwaangeliyay

EUAA waxay taxday colaadaha qabiilada Abriil 2023 ilaa Maarso 2025, iyadoo isticmaashay xogta ACLED ([EUAA, 2025, qaybta 1.5.1](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Country_Focus.pdf)). Tusaalooyin ay ku jiraan kooxo Dir ah:

- Biyomaal iyo Ogaadeen (Daarood) Jamaame, iyo Biyomaal iyo Habar Gidir (Hawiye) Marka.
- Surre iyo Mareexaan (Daarood) Cabudwaaq iyo Laandheer, Galgaduud.
- Surre iyo Sheekhaal Jariiban iyo Hobyo, iyo Saleebaan Cabdalle (Surre) iyo Loobage (Sheekhaal) Towfiiq.
- Faqi Cumar iyo Xawaadle (Hawiye), agagaarka Beledweyne.
- Gadabuursi iyo kooxo Isaaq ah, El Bardaale, Gabiley; hadda hurdo.

EASO waxay kaloo diiwaangelisay khilaaf u dhexeeyay laamo Gadabuursi ah oo Boorama ka dhacay 2020 ([EASO 2021](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf)). Eeg [colaadaha qabiilada](/en/society/clan-conflicts/).

## Meesha iluhu ku kala duwan yihiin

- **Isaaq.** ACCORD waxay qortay in Isaaq ay sheegtaan inay yihiin qoys u gaar ah, "halka Soomaalida koonfureed iyo Majeerteen ay sheegtaan in Isaaq ay ka mid yihiin Dir" ([ACCORD 2009, b. 13](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1193130/90_1261130976_accord-report-clans-in-somaliarevised-edition-20091215.pdf)). Labada shax ee Bangiga Adduunka waxay muujinayaan labada aragtiyood.
- **Liiska laamaha.** Abtirsiinta, ACCORD iyo shaxaha Bangiga Adduunka mid walba qabiilada Dir si kale ayuu u taxay.
- **Maqaamka laga tiro badan yahay ee koonfurta.** EASO waxay Biyomaal ku tilmaantay "qabiil laga tiro badan yahay" agagaarka Marka, inkastoo ay ka tirsan yihiin qoyska Dir ([EASO 2021](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2021_09_EASO_COI_Report_Somalia_Security_situation.pdf)).

## Akhri wax badan

- [Geedka qabiilada Soomaaliyeed](/so/society/somali-clan-tree/)
- Qabiilada Dir ee bog leh: [Gadabuursi](/so/society/gadabuursi/), [Habar Cafaan](/so/society/habar-cafaan/), [Maxamed Case](/so/society/maxamed-case/), [Ciise](/so/society/ciise/), [Biimaal](/so/society/biyomaal/) iyo [Surre](/so/society/surre/), [Gurgure](/so/society/gurgure/); eeg sidoo kale [Xeer Ciise](/so/society/xeer-ciise/)
- [Isaaq](/so/society/isaaq/), [Daarood](/so/society/darod/), [Hawiye](/so/society/hawiye/) iyo [Raxanweyn](/so/society/rahanweyn/)
- [Dir (Ingiriisi)](/so/society/dir/)
- [Minority communities (Ingiriisi)](/en/society/minority-communities/)