# Faragelintii QM iyo Mareykanka, 1992–1995: UNOSOM iyo UNITAF > UNOSOM I iyo II iyo UNITAF oo uu Mareykanku hoggaaminayay, 1992–1995: macaluushii, hawlgallada, dagaalladii 5 Juun iyo 3 Oktoobar 1993, khasaaraha dadka rayidka ah, iyo ka bixitaanka. Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/un-intervention-1992-1995/ Language: so Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/un-intervention-1992-1995/ Last checked: 2026-11-12 Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com) ## Kooban Kadib markii dowladdu dhacday Janaayo 1991, dagaal iyo abaar ayaa macaluul ku keenay koonfurta. QM waxay ku qiyaastay in laga yaabo in 300,000 qof ay dhinteen intii u dhaxaysay Nofembar 1991 iyo dabayaaqadii 1992. Qiyaastii 4.5 milyan oo qof, in ka badan kala badh dadweynaha, ayaa khatar ugu jiray gaajo daran ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM I](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom1backgr2.html)). Adduunku wuxuu ku jawaabay laba hawlgal oo QM ah iyo ciidan uu Mareykanku hoggaaminayay. QM waxay iyaga u aanaysaa badbaadinta ugu yaraan rubuc milyan oo nolol (eeg hoos). Hawlgalku wuxuu sidoo kale isu beddelay dagaal lala galay hal koox oo Muqdisho ku sugan, wuxuuna ku dhammaaday ka bixitaankii QM 1995. ## UNOSOM I, Abriil–Diseembar 1992 - **23 Janaayo 1992.** Qaraarka 733 ee Golaha Ammaanka QM wuxuu ku baaqay xabbad joojin, wuxuuna Soomaaliya saaray cunaqabateyn hub ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM I](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom1backgr2.html)). - **3 Maarso 1992.** Madaxweynaha ku-meel-gaarka ah Cali Mahdi Maxamed (Ali Mahdi Mohamed) iyo Jeneraal Maxamed Faarax Caydiid (Mohamed Farah Aidid), hoggaamiyeyaasha labada garab ee [Golaha Midnimada Soomaaliyeed (USC)](/en/institutions/united-somali-congress/), ayaa saxiixay xabbad joojin Muqdisho ah (isla ishaas). - **24 Abriil 1992.** Qaraarka 751 wuxuu dhisay Hawlgalka QM ee Soomaaliya (UNOSOM). Diblomaasiga Aljeeriya Maxamed Saxnuun (Mohamed Sahnoun) ayaa noqday ergayga gaarka ah ee QM (isla ishaas). - **14 Sebtembar 1992.** 500-kii askari ee ugu horreeyay ee amniga QM, oo ka yimid Pakistan, ayaa yimid Muqdisho (isla ishaas). Dagaalka iyo dhacitaanka ayaa raashinka ka hor istaagay inuu gaaro dadka gaajaysan. Nofembar 1992 Xoghayaha Guud wuxuu Golaha u sheegay in xoog oo keliya lagu sugi karo gaarsiinta (isla ishaas). ## UNITAF, Diseembar 1992–Maajo 1993 3 Diseembar 1992 Golaha Ammaanku wuxuu si wadajir ah u ansixiyay qaraarka 794. Wuxuu oggolaaday "dhammaan habab kasta oo lagama maarmaan ah si sida ugu dhakhsaha badan loo abuuro jawi ammaan ah oo loogu talagalay hawlgallada gargaarka bini'aadamnimada" (tarjumaad) ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM I](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom1backgr2.html)). Mareykanku wuxuu soo bandhigay inuu hoggaamiyo ciidanka. Ciidamadii ugu horreeyay ee Ciidanka Hawlaha Midaysan (UNITAF), oo Mareykanka looga yaqaan Hawlgalka Soo Celinta Rajada (Operation Restore Hope), ayaa ka degay Muqdisho 9 Diseembar 1992. Markii uu ugu badnaa UNITAF wuxuu lahaa qiyaastii 37,000 askari oo ka kala yimid in ka badan 20 dal, wuxuuna daboolayay qiyaastii 40 boqolkiiba dalka (isla ishaas). Maarso 1993, 15 urur oo Soomaaliyeed ayaa ku kulmay Addis Ababa, waxayna saxiixeen heshiis ku saabsan hub ka dhigis iyo gole ku-meel-gaar ah ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)). ## UNOSOM II, Maajo 1993–Maarso 1995 Qaraarka 814 ee 26 Maarso 1993 wuxuu dhisay hawlgal ka weyn, UNOSOM II, oo awood loo siiyay inuu hubka ka dhigo kooxaha oo dib u dhiso hay'adaha. Wuxuu UNITAF ka la wareegay 4 Maajo 1993. Waxaa loo oggolaaday ilaa 28,000 askari iyo boolis oo ka kala yimid 34 dal ([QM, xaqiiqooyinka iyo tirooyinka UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2facts.html)). ## 5 Juun 1993 iyo dagaalkii kooxda Caydiid Kooxda Caydiid, USC/SNA, waxay saxiixday heshiiskii Addis Ababa balse lama shaqayn hubka ka dhigista. 5 Juun 1993, weerarro hubaysan oo lagu qaaday ciidamada QM ee koonfurta Muqdisho ayaa lagu dilay 25 askari oo Pakistani ah, sida ay QM tirisay ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)). Qaraarka 837 ee 6 Juun wuxuu ku baaqay in la xiro kuwii masuulka ka ahaa. Laga soo bilaabo 12 Juun ciidamada QM waxay weerarro cirka iyo dhulka ah ku qaadeen koonfurta Muqdisho. 17 Juun ergayga QM wuxuu amar ku bixiyay in Caydiid la xiro (isla ishaas). ## 3 Oktoobar 1993 Ciidamada Rangers ee Mareykanka ayaa koonfurta Muqdisho ku qaaday weerar si ay u qabtaan kaaliyeyaasha Caydiid. Waxay xireen 24 qof oo looga shakiyay. Dagaalyahanno Soomaaliyeed ayaa soo riday laba diyaaradood oo qumaati ah oo Mareykan ah, waxaana la dilay 18 askari oo Mareykan ah, 75-na waa la dhaawacay ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)). Askari Malaysian ah ayaa sidoo kale la dilay ([Human Rights Watch, *World Report 1994*](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-08.htm)). Human Rights Watch waxay sheegtay in "laga yaabo in dhowr boqol oo Soomaali ah la dilay" (tarjumaad). Dhinaca Caydiid wuxuu bixiyay 315 dhimasho iyo 812 dhaawac, tirooyin uu Laanqayrta Cas ku tilmaamay "kuwo macquul ah" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas). Maalmo kadib Madaxweyne Clinton wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in ciidamada Mareykanku ka bixi doonaan ilaa 31 Maarso 1994. 9 Oktoobar kooxda Caydiid waxay ku dhawaaqday xabbad joojin hal dhinac ah oo ay la gashay QM ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)). ## Yaa dhibaatadu gaartay? Soomaali ayaa u dhimatay macaluul, dagaallada kooxaha, iyo dagaalkii u dhexeeyay ciidamada QM iyo maleeshiyaadka Caydiid. Human Rights Watch waxay diiwaangelisay jebinta sharciyada dagaalka ee dhinacyada oo dhan 1993 ([HRW, *World Report 1994*](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-08.htm)): - **Ciidamada QM iyo Mareykanka.** 13 Juun ciidamada Pakistan waxay rasaas ku fureen dad badan oo isu soo baxay, waxayna dileen ugu yaraan toban qof, oo ay ku jiraan haween iyo carruur. 17 Juun ciidamada QM waxay rasaas ku fureen Isbitaalka Digfeer (Digfer), ugu yaraan shan bukaan ayaana dhintay. 12 Luulyo diyaarado qumaati ah oo Mareykan ah ayaa gantaallo ku garaacay meel ay QM ugu yeertay xarun taliska Jeneraal Caydiid; digniin lama bixin, QM-na markii hore waxay sheegtay in 13 dhinteen, balse Laanqayrta Cas waxay xaqiijisay ugu yaraan 54. Africa Watch waxay qiyaastay in dhammaadkii Oktoobar, 500 ilaa 600 Soomaali ah ay dileen ciidamada Mareykanka ama QM, in ka badan 2,000-na la dhaawacay. - **Ciidamada Caydiid.** Dagaalyahannadu waxay isbitaallada ka rasaasayn jireen, "dadka rayidka ahna waxay u muuqataa in loo adeegsaday 'gaashaan' ciidamadiisa" (tarjumaad). Soomaali u shaqaynaysay QM ayaa la dilay, iyadoo la sheegay inay ahaayeen dil aan maxkamad lahayn. - **Maxkamadaynta.** Lix askari oo Kanadiyaan ah ayaa lagu soo oogay dacwad la xiriirta garaac lagu dilay Soomaali ku jiray gacantooda (eeg [Arrintii Soomaaliya ee Kanada](/so/history/somalia-affair-canada-1993/)). Ciidamada Beljamka waxay baaritaan ka furtay dhaqankoodii Kismaayo (eeg [ciidamadii Beljamka iyo Talyaaniga ee Soomaaliya, 1993](/so/history/belgian-italian-troops-somalia-1993/)). UNOSOM II waxay waysay 154 shaqaale: 149 askari iyo 5 shaqaale rayid ah ([QM, xaqiiqooyinka iyo tirooyinka UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2facts.html)). ## Ka bixitaankii, 1995 1993 kadib dalal dhowr ah ayaa ciidamadooda la baxay. Marxaladda ugu dambaysa waxaa daboolay ciidan ka kooban toddoba dal oo uu hoggaaminayay Gaashaanle Sare Anthony Zinni oo Mareykan ah. Ciidamadii ugu dambeeyay ee QM waxay ka baxeen Muqdisho horraantii Maarso 1995 ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)). ## Waxa ay QM sheegto inay gaartay Soo koobidda QM laftigeedu waxay hawlgalka u aanaysaa xabbad joojin qaran iyo 52 ka mid ah 92 gole degmo oo la qorsheeyay iyo 8 ka mid ah 18 gole gobol. Waxay leedahay "ugu yaraan, qiyaastii rubuc milyan oo nolol ah ayaa la badbaadiyay" (tarjumaad) ([QM, taariikhda UNOSOM II](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html)). Waxay sidoo kale xustay in in ka badan 250 odayaal, aqoonyahanno, kooxo haween iyo ururo bulshada ay ka qaybgaleen shirkii Addis Ababa ee Maarso 1993, "ballaarin aan hore loo arag oo ka qaybgalka siyaasadda ah" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas). Waxa xigay waxaa lagu sheegay [burburkii, 1991–2000](/en/history/collapse-1991-2000/). ## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin - **Pakistaniyiintii dhintay 5 Juun 1993.** QM waxay bixisaa 25 la dilay. Human Rights Watch waxay bixisaa 24. - **Soomaalidii dhimatay 3 Oktoobar 1993.** Ma jirto tiro lagu heshiiyay. Human Rights Watch waxay sheegtay dhowr boqol; dhinaca Caydiid wuxuu bixiyay 315. - **Weerarkii 12 Luulyo 1993.** UNOSOM markii hore waxay bixisay 13 dhimasho. Laanqayrta Cas waxay xaqiijisay ugu yaraan 54. ## Akhri ilaha asalka ah - Qaramada Midoobay, *UNOSOM I: background*: [qoraalka](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom1backgr2.html). - Qaramada Midoobay, *UNOSOM II: background*: [qoraalka](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2backgr2.html), iyo [xaqiiqooyinka iyo tirooyinka](https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unosom2facts.html). - Human Rights Watch, *World Report 1994*, cutubka Soomaaliya: [qoraalka](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1994/WR94/Africa-08.htm).