# Saldanadaha, xeebta iyo xeerka, 1700-meeyadii–1880-meeyadii (Geledi, Isaaq, Majeerteen, Hobyo, Baardheere, xeer)

> 1700-meeyadii ilaa 1880-meeyadii, Soomaalidu waxay maamulayeen saldanado u gaar ah, khilaafaadkana waxay ku xallin jireen xeer.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/sultanates-the-coast-and-customary-law-1700s-1880s/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/sultanates-the-coast-and-customary-law-1700s-1880s/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Waxa dhacay

- **1695.** Saldanadda Geledi, oo uu hoggaaminayay boqortooyada Gobroon, waxaa lagu aasaasay Afgooye kadib dhicitaankii kuwii Ajuuraan hoos imaan jiray. Waxay lahayd hay'ado dhexe laakiin waxay ku xukumi jirtay odayaasha ([Sultanate of the Geledi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_the_Geledi), oo soo xiganaya Luling 2002).
- **Laga bilaabo 1728.** Kadib markii Burtuqiiska laga saaray Mombasa, Cumaan, markii dambena Zanzibar, ayaa sheegtay xeebta Banaadir. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay xukunkaas ugu yeertaa "inta badan magac keliya": cashuur yar, qaaddi iyo ilaalo yar ([Library of Congress](http://countrystudies.us/somalia/7.htm)).
- **Bartamihii 1700-meeyadii.** Xeebta waqooyi waxay hoos timid shariifyada Mukha, oo cashuur u ururin jiray Boqortooyada Cusmaaniyiinta ([Library of Congress](http://countrystudies.us/somalia/7.htm)).
- **1750.** Saldanadda Isaaq waxay Guuleed Cabdi u caleemo saartay suldaan, xaruntiisuna waxay ahayd Toon kadibna Hargeysa. Awoodda waxaa la wadaagay odayaasha, suldaanno hoose iyo culimada ([Isaaq Sultanate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaaq_Sultanate), oo soo xiganaya Lewis iyo Laitin).
- **1700-meeyadii ilaa 1800-meeyadii.** Saldanadda Majeerteen waxay ku xoogaysatay Boqor Cismaan Maxamuud ([Library of Congress](http://countrystudies.us/somalia/8.htm)).
- **1870-meeyadii.** Kadib dagaal sokeeye oo ilaa shan sano ah, Yuusuf Cali Keenadiid wuxuu aasaasay Saldanadda Hobyo ([Library of Congress](http://countrystudies.us/somalia/8.htm)).

## Xeer: sharci heshiis ku dhisan

Xoolo-dhaqatada waqooyiga dhexdooda, unug siyaasadeed kasta waxaa lagu dhisay heshiis cad oo kooxaha dhexmara, oo loo yaqaan xeer. Aqoonyahanka I. M. Lewis wuxuu tiriyay in ka badan 360 koox mag-bixin oo ku jiray Maxmiyadda Ingiriiska. Xafiisyadii gumeysigu markii dambe waxay diiwaangeliyeen heshiisyadan, waxayna u adeegsadeen sharci ahaan ([Lewis, Africa, 1959](https://cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/abs/clanship-and-contract-in-northern-somaliland1/EDF65B709C7BAD3A63B3F14593F7248C)). Xeerka weli waa la adeegsadaa maanta. Eeg [xeerka](/en/society/xeer-customary-law/).

## Sida taariikhyahannadu u arkaan xilligan

Lee Cassanelli wuxuu bulshada Soomaaliyeed ee 1600 ilaa 1900 ku tilmaamaa "mid siyaasad ahaan kala firirsan" laakiin ay isku hayaan qaraabo, Islaamka suufiyada iyo ganacsi ([University of Pennsylvania Press](https://www.pennpress.org/9780812278323/the-shaping-of-somali-society)).

## Waxa taariikhyahannadu diiwaangeliyeen

Dowladuhu waxay ahaayeen kuwo gobol, qaarkoodna way isla dagaallameen. Geledi waxay burburisay jamaacadii diinta ee Baardheere 1843, suldaannadii Geledina waxaa lagu dilay dagaal u dhow Marka 1848 iyo 1878 ([Sultanate of the Geledi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_the_Geledi)). Hobyo waxay ka dhalatay kala qaybsanaan gudaha boqortooyadii Majeerteen. Diinta la wadaagay ma joojin xafiiltankaas.