# Shirweynihii Burco iyo ku dhawaaqiddii Somaliland, Maajo 1991

> Shirweynihii Burco ee 1991 iyo ku dhawaaqiddii Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland: cidda ka soo qayb gashay, waxa la go'aamiyay, dowladdii ugu horreysay, iyo sannadkii ugu horreeyay kadib.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/somaliland-declaration-1991/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/somaliland-declaration-1991/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Si kooban

1991, kadib dhicitaankii dowladdii Siyaad Barre, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) ayaa gacanta ku hayay waqooyi-galbeed. Shir Burco ka dhacay gu'gii 1991, madaxda beelaha waaweyn ee woqooyiga ayaa ka dooday mustaqbalkiisa, Maajo 1991na SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, iyadoo, aragtideeda, soo afjartay midowgii 1960 ee koonfurta ([Maktabadda Koongareeska, *Somalia: A Country Study*](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm)).

Human Rights Watch waxay dhammaadkii 1992 qortay in SNM "ay si hal dhinac ah ugu dhawaaqday xorriyad Maajo 1991, si ay u abuurto Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, oo ah hay'ad aan dal kale aqoonsan" (tarjumaad) ([Human Rights Watch, *World Report 1993*](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/WR93/Afw-08.htm)). Sheekada tan iyo markaas waxay ku jirtaa [Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland, 1991 ilaa 2026](/so/states/somaliland-1991-to-2026/).

## Shirka ka hor

- **Oktoobar 1990.** Dagaalyahannada SNM waxay ciidamada dowladda ka saareen ku dhowaad dhammaan Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer iyo Sanaag ([Maktabadda Koongareeska](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm)).
- **Dhammaadkii Janaayo 1991.** SNM waxay qabsatay saldhigyadii hadhay ee Berbera, Burco iyo Hargeysa. Way diiday inay gacanta u wareejiso dowladdii cusbayd ee Golaha Midowga Soomaaliyeed (USC) ee Muqdisho, wayna diiday inay ku biirto wadahadalladii midnimada ee USC (isla ishaas).
- **Dhammaadkii Febraayo 1991.** Shir SNM ah ayaa "si dhab ah uga dooday" laalidda sharcigii midowga 1960 (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).
- **Kooxaha kale ee woqooyiga.** Isbahaysiga Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed (SDA), oo inta badan Gadabuursi taageerayeen, iyo Jabhadda Midowga Soomaaliyeed (USF), oo Ciise sameeyeen, waxay "ka walaacsanaayeen suurtagalnimada inay SNM gacanta ku dhigto deegaannadooda" (tarjumaad). Iska horimaadyo SNM iyo USF ayaa ka dhacay agagaarka Saylac Febraayo (isla ishaas).

Dagaalkii ka horreeyay, eeg [Xasuuqii Isaaq, 1987 ilaa 1989](/so/history/isaaq-genocide-1987-1989/) iyo [dhaqdhaqaaqyadii hubeysnaa, 1978 ilaa 1991](/so/history/armed-movements-1978-1991/).

## Shirweynihii Burco

Maktabadda Koongareeska waxay diiwaangelisay ([Maktabadda Koongareeska](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm)):

- **Cidda timid.** SNM waxay "ku qanacsiisay madaxda dhammaan beelaha waaweyn ee woqooyiga inay ka qayb galaan shir Burco ah Abriil 1991" (tarjumaad).
- **Waxa la go'aamiyay.** Ergadu waxay "ansixiyeen dhowr go'aan oo la xiriira xorriyadda mustaqbalka ee woqooyiga ee ka madax bannaan koonfurta" (tarjumaad).
- **Dastuur.** Wuxuu sameeyay "guddi joogto ah, oo si taxaddar leh loogu dheellitiray matalaadda beelaha, si uu u diyaariyo dastuur" (tarjumaad).
- **Xukun ku-meel-gaar ah.** Wuxuu ku baaqay dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah "ilaa doorashooyin xisbiyo badan la qabto" (tarjumaad).
- **Doorka SNM.** Guddiga Dhexe ee SNM wuxuu inta badan go'aannada shirka u ansixiyay siyaasadda xisbiga. "Inkastoo qaar ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha SNM ay ka soo horjeedeen go'itaanka" (tarjumaad), wuxuu sii waday qorshayaasha dowlad madax bannaan.

## Ku dhawaaqidda iyo dowladdii ugu horreysay

- **Maajo 1991.** SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland. Xuduudeeda "waxay qiyaas ahaan la jaan qaadaysay kuwii gumeysigii hore, Somaliland-ta Ingiriiska" (tarjumaad) ([Maktabadda Koongareeska](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm)). Eeg [Somaliland-ta Ingiriiska, 1884 ilaa 1960](/so/history/british-somaliland-1884-1960/).
- **Hoggaamiyayaasha.** Xoghayaha Guud ee SNM [Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali "Tuur"](/en/people/abdirahman-ahmed-ali-tuur/) ayaa loo magacaabay madaxweyne, Xasan Ciise Jaamacna madaxweyne ku xigeen. Tuur wuxuu magacaabay gole wasiirro oo 17 xubnood ah (isla ishaas).
- **Waajibkeeda.** SNM waxay ugu yeertay "dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo leh waajib ay ku xukunto inta laga gaarayo doorashooyinka loo qorsheeyay 1993" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).
- **1991 ilaa 1992.** Dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd waxay shareecada ka dhigtay sharciga ugu weyn ee jamhuuriyadda, waxay dooratay calan, waxayna ballan qaadday xorriyadda saxaafadda, doorashooyin xor ah iyo xaqa samaynta xisbiyada, waxayna "isku dayday, inkastoo aysan ku guulaysan, inay hesho aqoonsi caalami ah" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).

## Sannadkii ugu horreeyay

Human Rights Watch waxay ka warbixisay 1991 iyo 1992 ([HRW, *World Report 1993*](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/WR93/Afw-08.htm)):

- **Dib-u-dhiska.** 1991 dowladdu "waxay u muuqatay mid horumar ka samaynaysa dhisidda nabadda iyo amniga" (tarjumaad), dib-u-dhiska kaabayaashii la burburiyay 1988, iyo dhiirrigelinta soo laabashada "400,000-kii qaxooti ee u qaxay Itoobiya" (tarjumaad).
- **Kheyraadka.** "Ku dhowaad ma lahayn wax kheyraad ah, gargaarka caalamiguna wuu ka soo daahay aqoonsi diblomaasiyadeed la'aan" (tarjumaad).
- **Miinooyinka.** Miinooyin ku jira magaalooyinka iyo miyiga ayaa dilay oo dhaawacay "boqollaal qof" (tarjumaad), xoolona way dileen.
- **Janaayo 1992.** Dagaal u dhexeeyay laba laamood oo Isaaq ah oo Burco ka dhacay ayaa "ka tagay in ka badan 150 dhimasho, kumanaan kalena ku qasbay inay cararaan" (tarjumaad).
- **Maarso 1992.** Dagaal ayaa ka qarxay Berbera wuxuuna u fiday Sheekh iyo Hargeysa. "Dadka rayidka ah badankoodu waxay ku qasbanaadeen inay ka cararaan Berbera" (tarjumaad).

## Yaa dhibaatooday?

- **Qaxootiga soo laabtay iyo qoysaska barakacay** ee magaalooyinkii la burburiyay 1988 (HRW).
- **Dadka miinooyinku dileen ama curyaamiyeen,** boqollaal sida ay HRW tirisay.
- **Dadka Burco iyo Berbera** dagaalladii 1992: in ka badan 150 dhintay Burco, iyo dadka rayidka ah ee Berbera badankood oo la barakiciyay (HRW).
- **Bulshooyinka agagaarka Saylac,** iska horimaadyadii SNM iyo Jabhadda Midowga Soomaaliyeed Febraayo 1991 ([Maktabadda Koongareeska](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm)).

## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin

- **Taariikhda.** Maktabadda Koongareeska waxay ku dhawaaqidda u bixisaa 17 Maajo 1991. Somaliland waxay 18 Maajo u dabaaldegtaa maalinteeda qaran (eeg [Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland, 1991 ilaa 2026](/so/states/somaliland-1991-to-2026/)).
- **Taariikhaha shirka.** Maktabadda Koongareeska waxay sheegtaa in shirku fadhiyay "Abriil 1991". Ku dhawaaqiddu waxay timid Maajo.
- **In midowga la soo afjari karo iyo in kale.** Dowladda Somaliland waxay qabtaa in midowgii 1960 aan weligiis la dhammaystirin oo la laalay 1991. Dowladda federaalka iyo dalalka badankoodu waxay qabaan in Somaliland ay qayb ka tahay Soomaaliya sida uu dhigayo midowgii 1960. Eeg [xorriyadda iyo midowga, 26 Juun ilaa 1 Luulyo 1960](/so/history/independence-and-union-26-june-1-july-1960/).
- **Taageerada woqooyiga.** Maktabadda Koongareeska waxay diiwaangelisay in "qaar ka mid ah hoggaamiyayaasha SNM ay ka soo horjeedeen go'itaanka", iyo in kooxaha aan Isaaq ahayn ay ka baqeen gacan ku hayntii SNM. 2023 madaxda Dhulbahante ee Laascaanood waxay diideen xukunka Somaliland (eeg [Dowlad-goboleedka Waqooyi Bari](/so/states/north-eastern-state/)).

## Akhri ilaha asalka ah

- Maktabadda Koongareeska, *Somalia: A Country Study* (1993), "Politics of succession": [qoraal](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm).
- Human Rights Watch, *World Report 1993*, cutubka Soomaaliya: [qoraal](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/WR93/Afw-08.htm).