# Sida Af-Soomaaligu u noqday mid la qoro: laga bilaabo Cismaaniya ilaa farta Laatiinka ee 1972

> Taariikhda qoraalka Af-Soomaaliga: far Carabi, Cismaaniya, farta Boorama iyo Kaddare, farta Laatiinka 1972, iyo ololihii akhris-qoraalka 1974.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/somali-language-written-1972/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/somali-language-written-1972/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## 1972 ka hor: faro badan, midna rasmi ma ahayn

Qarniyo badan, culimada Soomaaliyeed waxay Af-Soomaaliga ku qori jireen xarfaha Carabiga, inta badan maansada diinta. Horraantii 1920-meeyadii Cismaan Yuusuf Keenadiid, oo ka mid ahaa qoyska boqortooyada Hobyo, ayaa sameeyay far u gaar ah, Cismaaniya ([Osmanya script, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanya_script)). Waxaa loo adeegsan jiray warqadaha iyo xisaabaadka. Maamulka Talyaanigu wuxuu u arkay calaamad waddaninimo. Cismaaniya waxaa lagu daray heerka Unicode 2003, nooca 4.0 ([Unicode Osmanya chart](https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U10480.pdf)).

Laba far oo kale oo gudaha ka soo baxay ayaa xigay. 1933 magaalada Boorama, macallinka Quraanka Sheekh Cabdiraxmaan Sheekh Nuur ayaa sameeyay farta Boorama (Gadabuursi), oo inta badan loo adeegsaday maansada diinta ([Gadabuursi Somali Script, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadabuursi_Somali_Script)). Farta Kaddare ayaa xigtay 1952 ([Osmanya script, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmanya_script)). Dhowr bilood xorriyadda kadib, Guddiga Af-Soomaaliga ayaa loo sameeyay inuu raadiyo habka ugu fiican ee Af-Soomaaliga loo qoro. Wuxuu tixgeliyay sagaal far, Carabi, Laatiin iyo dhowr Soomaali sameeyeen. Warbixintiisii 1962 waxay door bidday Laatiinka, laakiin khilaafku wuxuu ahaa mid aad u xooggan oo dowladna wax kama qaban ([Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study*](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm)). Ilaa 1972, Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriisigu waxay ahaayeen afafka dowladda iyo dugsiyada, xilal muhiim ahna waxaa hayay laba sarkaal, mid af walba (isla ishaas).

## 21 Oktoobar 1972: farta Laatiinka

Dowladdu waxay dooratay far Laatiin ah oo uu sameeyay Shire Jaamac Axmed ([Shire Jama Ahmed, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shire_Jama_Ahmed)). Waxay ka saartay p, v iyo z. Waxay c u adeegsataa codka Carabiga ee cayn, x xaa'da qoto dheer, q-na kaafta qoto dheer. Waxay ku dartaa lammaanaha dh, kh iyo sh. Shaqallada dheer waxaa loo qoraa labanlaab, sida *Soomaali*. Go'aanka waxaa lagu dhawaaqay 21 Oktoobar 1972, sannad-guuradii saddexaad ee afgambigii 1969, si looga isticmaalo Soomaaliya oo dhan laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1973 ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm); [Goobjoog News](https://en.goobjoog.com/key-milestones-in-the-history-of-somali-language)). Shaqaale kasta oo dowladda ah waxaa la siiyay saddex bilood, markii dambena lix, inuu barto farta cusub. Buugaagta Af-Soomaaliga waxay gaareen dugsiyada hoose 1973, dugsiyada sare iyo waxbarashada sarena 1975 ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm)).

## Ololaha akhris-qoraalka: "bar ama baro"

Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay akhris-qoraalka 1972 ku qiyaastaa ilaa 5 boqolkiiba oo keliya. Wareegga koowaad ee ololaha wuxuu ku socday kulammo saddex bilood ah oo magaalooyinka iyo deegaannada degan, waxaana dhigayay ilaa 8,000 macallin, inta badan shaqaale dowladeed iyo askar. Waxaa la sheegay inuu wax akhris iyo qoris baray dhowr boqol oo kun oo qof ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm)).

Ololaha miyiga wuxuu bilaabmay Agoosto 1974, iyadoo ay jiraan in ka badan 20,000 macallin, kala badh ardayda dugsiyada sare oo sannad-dugsiyeedkoodii la hakiyay (isla ishaas). 1974 dugsiyada waa la xiray. Ardayda dugsiyada sare waxay u baxeen tuulooyinka iyo reer guuraaga si ay wax u baraan ([Hoben, "Literacy Campaigns in Ethiopia and Somalia", Northeast African Studies, 1988](https://www.jstor.org/stable/43661187)). Halku-dhiggu wuxuu ahaa *bar ama baro*.

Xasan M. Abukar wuxuu ahaa macallin 14 jir ah oo loo diray Jamaame, 362 km Muqdisho u jirta. Waxaa la siiyay jeeso, sanduuq sabuuradeed, buste iyo weel biyo. "Muxuu bari karaa wiil 14 jir ah?" ayuu u malaynayay inay hooyadiis weydiinayso ([Abukar, "Ololihii (The Campaign)", WardheerNews, 2015](https://wardheernews.com/ololihii-the-campaign/)).

Wasaaradda Waxbarashadu waxay heshay abaalmarinta akhris-qoraalka ee UNESCO 1975 ([Literacy in Somalia, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_Somalia)). Sheegashooyinka heerka akhris-qoraalka intaas kadib aad ayay u kala duwan yihiin, ilaa 55 ilaa 80 boqolkiiba ([Literacy in Somalia, Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_Somalia)). Ololuhu wuxuu la kulmay abaartii daran ee 1974 ilaa 1975 (Abaartii Dabadheer), qiyaas QM-na waxay akhris-qoraalka 1990 ku sheegtay 24 boqolkiiba ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm)).

## Akhris-qoraalka maanta

Wikipedia, oo soo xiganaysa USAID, waxay akhris-qoraalka dadka waaweyn 2022 ku sheegtaa ilaa 41 boqolkiiba: 54 boqolkiiba ragga iyo 22 boqolkiiba haweenka ([Literacy in Somalia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_Somalia)). Dagaalkii 1991 kadib wuxuu sannado badan xiray dugsiyada dowladda intooda badan.

## Qorista Af-Soomaaliga maanta

Bandhigga Caalamiga ah ee Buugaagta Hargeysa, oo uu aasaasay Jaamac Muuse Jaamac 2008, wuxuu u dhashay kobcinta akhriska iyo qoraalka Af-Soomaaliga. Warbixin ayaa tirisay in ka badan boqol buug oo cusub oo Af-Soomaali ah hal sano gudaheed ([NPR, 2016](https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/08/16/490174033/a-land-in-limbo-hopes-that-books-will-keep-it-going)). Af-Soomaaliga maanta waxaa lagu qoraa telefoon kasta, waxaana lagu akhriyaa goob war kasta.