# Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya, 1969–1991: sida dowladda loo maamulayay > Sida loo maamulayay Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya, 1969–1991: SRC, xisbiga keliya, dastuurkii 1979, maxkamadaha, NSS, dowladaha hoose iyo farta Soomaaliga. Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/somali-democratic-republic-1969-1991/ Language: so Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/somali-democratic-republic-1969-1991/ Last checked: 2026-11-12 Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com) ## Kooban 21 Oktoobar 1969, lix maalmood kadib markii ilaaliye uu dilay Madaxweyne [Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke (Abdirashid Ali Shermarke)](/so/people/abdirashid-ali-shermarke/), cutubyo ciidan ayaa la wareegay Muqdisho (Mogadishu). Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka (SRC) ayaa xukunka qabsaday, iyadoo Sarreeye Guuto [Maxamed Siyaad Barre (Siad Barre)](/so/people/siad-barre/) uu guddoomiye u ahaa. Wuxuu mamnuucay xisbiyada siyaasadda, xiray Golaha Shacabka Qaranka, hakiyay dastuurka, magaca dalkana u beddelay Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya ([Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study*](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/20.htm)). Magacaasi wuxuu jiray ilaa Siyaad Barre uu Muqdisho ka baxay Janaayo 1991. Boggan wuxuu ka hadlayaa sida dowladda loo habeeyay. Dhacdooyinka xilligaas waxaa lagu sheegay [xilligii Siyaad Barre, 1969–1991](/so/history/siad-barre-era-1969-1991/). ## Afgambigii, Oktoobar 1969 - **15 Oktoobar 1969.** Ilaaliye ayaa dilay Madaxweyne Sharmaarke iyadoo Ra'iisul Wasaare [Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal (Mohamed Haji Ibrahim Egal)](/so/people/mohamed-haji-ibrahim-egal/) uu dibadda joogay. Dilaaga waxaa markii dambe maxkamadeysay oo dilay dowladdii cusbayd ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/20.htm)). - **21 Oktoobar 1969.** Markii ay caddaatay in Golaha Shacabku uu taageeri doono musharraxa Cigaal u doortay madaxweynaha, cutubyo ciidan ayaa qabsaday meelaha muhiimka ah ee Muqdisho, iyagoo la shaqaynaya booliiska. Xubnihii hoggaanka dowladdii rayidka ahayd, oo uu ka mid ahaa Cigaal, waxaa lagu xiray qasriga madaxtooyada (isla ishaas). - **Ujeeddooyinka.** Dowladdii cusbayd waxay sheegtay in yoolalkeeda ay ka mid tahay soo afjaridda "qabyaaladda, eexda qaraabada, musuqmaasuqa iyo maamul-xumada" (tarjumaad). Waxay sheegtay inay ixtiraami doonto heshiisyada jira oo ay taageeri doonto "dhaqdhaqaaqyada xoraynta qaranka iyo midowga Soomaalida" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas). Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay qortay in Siyaad Barre "aan loo arkin qorsheeyaha la wareegidda militariga" (tarjumaad) laakiin uu hoggaanka u qabtay saraakiishii fulisay. Waxay kaloo sheegtay in "aan jirin wax caddayn ah oo muujinaya in afgambiga ay Soofiyeedku dhiirrigeliyeen" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/21.htm)). ## Xukunkii SRC, 1969–1976 Laba qoraal ayaa dhisay dowladda cusub: Sharciga Lambar 1, oo la soo saaray maalintii afgambiga, iyo Axdiga Koowaad ee Kacaanka ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/22.htm)). - **SRC.** Sharciga Lambar 1 wuxuu golaha 25-ka xubnood siiyay dhammaan awoodaha madaxweynaha, Golaha Shacabka Qaranka iyo Golaha Wasiirrada, iyo waajibaad badan oo maxkamadaha ah. Wuxuu go'aamada ku gaari jiray cod aqlabiyad ah, doodihiisana dhif ayuu daabici jiray. - **Golaha wasiirrada.** Golaha Xoghayeyaasha Dowladda oo 14 xubnood ahaa ayaa maamulayay hawlaha maalinlaha ah ee dowladda laakiin "awood siyaasadeed ma lahayn" (tarjumaad). Ilaa 1974 wasaarado dhowr ah waxaa madax u ahaa saraakiil sidoo kale xubno ka ahaa SRC. - **Jagooyinka Siyaad Barre.** Wuxuu ahaa madaxa dowladda, guddoomiyaha golaha wasiirrada, taliyaha guud ee ciidamada iyo guddoomiyaha SRC. - **Dastuurkii 1960.** Waxaa la buriyay Febraayo 1970. Sharciyadii hore way sii shaqaynayeen ilaa SRC ay ka saarto iyagoo ah kuwo "aan la jaanqaadi karin...ruuxa Kacaanka" (tarjumaad). - **Saraakiisha dowladda.** Saraakiil militari ayaa beddelay masuuliyiintii rayidka ahaa ee gobollada iyo degmooyinka. Shaqaalaha dowladda waxay qaateen koorsooyin isku daraya tababar iyo "barbaarin siyaasadeed" (tarjumaad), kuwii loo arkay "kuwo aan siyaasad ahaan la isku hallayn karin" (tarjumaad) shaqada waa laga eryay (isla ishaas). 21 Oktoobar 1970 Siyaad Barre wuxuu Soomaaliya ku dhawaaqay dowlad hantiwadaag ah. Wuxuu fikradda, "hantiwadaagga cilmiga ku dhisan", ku sharxay inay ka kooban tahay saddex qaybood: isku-filnaansho, hantiwadaag ku dhisan habka Marx, iyo Islaam. Wuxuu yiri: "Hantiwadaaggu diin ma aha... Waa mabda' siyaasadeed" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/24.htm)). ## Shirqoollo iyo maxkamadeyn, 1970–1974 - **Abriil 1970.** Ku-xigeenka koowaad ee madaxweynaha, Sarreeye Guuto Jaamac Cali Qoorsheel, waa la xiray, Maxkamadda Badbaadada Qaranka ayaa ku xukuntay khiyaano qaran, waana la xiray ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/23.htm)). - **Maajo 1971.** Ku-xigeenka labaad ee madaxweynaha, Sarreeye Guuto Maxamed Caynaanshe (Mohamed Ainanche), Gaashaanle Dhexe Salaad Gabeyre Kediye (Salah Gaveire Kedie) iyo saraakiil kale waxaa loo xiray inay qorsheeyeen dilka Siyaad Barre. Caynaanshe, Gabeyre iyo sarkaal kale waa la dilay kadib maxkamadeyn dheer (isla ishaas). - **1974.** Qoorsheel iyo inta badan hoggaamiyeyaashii rayidka ahaa ee xirnaa waa la sii daayay. Cigaal iyo afar wasiir oo hore lama sii dayn; Cigaal waxaa lagu xukumay 30 sano oo lagu eedeeyay lunsasho hanti iyo shirqool (isla ishaas). Waxaa la sii daayay 1982 ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/27.htm)). ## Xukunkii xisbiga, 1976–1991 Juun 1976 shir ayaa aasaasay Xisbiga Hantiwadaagga Kacaanka Soomaaliyeed (XHKS / SRSP). 1 Luulyo 1976 SRC way kala dirtay naftooda, awoodiina waxay u wareejisay xisbiga ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/26.htm)). - **Golaha Sare.** Guddiga dhexe ee xisbigu wuxuu lahaa 73 xubnood. Waxaa ku jiray 19-kii sarkaal ee SRC, laakiin badankoodu waxay ahaayeen rayid. - **Xafiiska siyaasadda (politburo).** Shan xubnood oo hore SRC uga tirsanaa, oo ay ka mid ahaayeen Siyaad Barre iyo seeddigii, madaxa nabadsugidda Axmed Suleymaan Cabdalle (Ahmad Suleiman Abdullah), ayaa go'aamada gaari jiray. Siyaad Barre wuxuu ahaa xoghayaha guud ee xisbiga. - **Xubinnimada.** "Weligeed kama badnayn 20,000" (tarjumaad). Xubnuhu waxay fulin jireen amarrada, "kamana doodi jirin siyaasadda" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/72.htm)). Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay qortay in "dhab ahaan awoodda dhabta ah ee xisbiga iyo dowladda ay ku hartay koox yar oo saraakiil militari ah oo ahaa kuwii ugu saamaynta badnaa SRC" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/26.htm)). Oktoobar 1980 SRC dib ayaa loo soo nooleeyay, iyadoo la jirta xisbiga iyo golaha wasiirrada. Isla ishaasi waxay sheegtay in iskudhafkaasi "go'aan-gaarista gacanta Siyaad Barre keliya ku riday" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/27.htm)). ## Dastuurkii 1979 iyo Golaha Shacabka Dastuurkii 1979 waxaa lagu ansixiyay afti ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/67.htm)): - **Nidaam madaxtooyo.** Madaxweynuhu wuxuu ahaa madaxa dowladda iyo madaxa xukuumadda, wuxuu doorta oo guddoomiya Golaha Wasiirrada, maamula arrimaha dibadda, ku dhawaaqi kari jiray dagaal iyo xaalad degdeg ah, wuxuuna magacaabi jiray guddoomiyaha Maxkamadda Sare. - **Doorashooyinka.** Markii hore sharci-dejintu waxay madaxweynaha ku dooran jirtay cod saddex meelood laba meel ah, muddo lix sano ah. Wax-ka-beddelladii Diseembar 1984 waxay ka dhigeen cod toos ah oo muddo toddoba sano ah. Codbixintii ugu horreysay ee caynkaas ah, 1986, Siyaad Barre wuxuu ahaa musharraxa keliya wuxuuna helay 99.9 boqolkiiba. - **Golaha Shacabka.** 177 xubnood: 171 la doortay iyo 6 uu madaxweynuhu magacaabay ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/68.htm)). Golayaasha waxaa la doortay 1979 iyo 1984 iyadoo laga doorayay liisas keliya oo xubnaha XHKS ah, dowladduna mar kasta waxay ku dhawaaqday in ka badan 99 boqolkiiba oo ogolaansho ah. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay qortay in Golaha uu kulmi jiray "dhowr maalmood sannad kasta" oo uu "ansixin jiray sharci kasta oo fulintu go'aansato inay u gudbiso" (tarjumaad). Doorashadii 1989 dib ayaa loo dhigay dagaalka awgiis (isla ishaas). ## Maxkamadaha iyo sharciga - **Maxkamadaha caadiga ah.** Afartii heer ee la dhisay 1962 way sii jireen: 84 maxkamadood oo degmo, 8 maxkamadood oo gobol, maxkamadaha racfaanka ee Muqdisho iyo Hargeysa (Hargeisa), iyo Maxkamadda Sare ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/71.htm)). - **Golaha Sare ee Garsoorka.** 1970 saraakiil militari ayaa la wareegay kursi kasta oo golaha magacaabi jiray oo edbin jiray garsoorayaasha. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay sheegtay in tani ka dhigtay "garsoorka mid fulinta u xisaabtama" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas). - **Sharciga madaniga ah ee 1973.** Wuxuu beddelay sharciyadii Talyaaniga iyo Ingiriiska. Wuxuu soo afjaray xuquuqda beelaha iyo laamaha ee dhulka, biyaha iyo daaqa, wuxuuna *diyada* ku koobay dhibbanaha iyo qaraabadiisa dhow. Wax-ka-beddel dambe ayaa *diyada* gebi ahaanba mamnuucay ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/70.htm)). Eeg [xeerka, sharciga dhaqanka Soomaalida](/en/society/xeer-customary-law/). - **Sharciga qoyska ee 1975.** Wuxuu haweenka siiyay dhaxal siman. Toban culimo diinta ah oo ka hadlay ayaa maxkamad badbaado dowladeed ku xukuntay dil, waxaana la dilay 23 Janaayo 1975. Eeg [sharciga qoyska ee 1975 iyo tobankii culimo](/so/society/family-law-1975-and-the-ten-scholars/). ## Maxkamadaha Badbaadada Qaranka Maxkamadaha Badbaadada Qaranka (NSC) waxaa la dhisay 1970 "iyagoo ah gacanta garsoorka ee SRC" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/22.htm)). Kiisaskoodii ugu horreeyay waxay ahaayeen dilkii Sharmaarke iyo eedaymo musuqmaasuq oo loo soo jeediyay dowladdii hore. - **Yaa fadhiyay.** Sarkaal militari oo sare ayaa guddoomin jiray, inta badan isagoo la jira laba sarkaal oo kale. Xeer-ilaaliye guud oo militari ah ayaa dacwadda oogi jiray ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/71.htm)). - **Waxay dhagaysan jireen.** Dembiyada dowladdu ku tilmaantay kuwo ka dhan ah amniga dowladda: lunsashada hantida ee saraakiisha, dil, waxqabad siyaasadeed oo ka dhan ah dowladda, iyo xatooyada kaydka cuntada dowladda. - **Racfaanka.** "Maxkamad kale, xataa Maxkamadda Sare, dib uma eegi karin xukunnada NSC" (tarjumaad). Racfaanku wuxuu u gudbi jiray madaxweynaha oo keliya. - **Dhammaadka.** Oktoobar 1990 Siyaad Barre wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in maxkamadaha la baabi'iyay. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay diiwaangelisay in "mucaaradka nidaamka Siyaad Barre ay NSC ku eedeeyeen inay boqollaal qof ku xukuntay dil sababo siyaasadeed" (tarjumaad), waxayna maxkamadaha ku tilmaantay "kuwo si ballaaran looga baqo oo la nebcaaday" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas). ## Amniga iyo warfaafinta - **Hay'adda Nabadsugidda Qaranka (NSS).** Waxaa la abaabulay "iyadoo Soofiyeedku hagayaan" (tarjumaad), markii hore si looga hor istaago in xirfadlayaasha iyo mucaaradku dalka ka baxaan iyo in beeluhu khilaafaadka ku xalliyaan hababka dhaqanka ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/22.htm)). - **Warfaafinta.** Wasaaradda Warfaafinta iyo Hanuuninta Dadweynaha ayaa maamulaysay xafiisyada waxbarashada siyaasadda, waxayna saxaafadda iyo raadiyaha u adeegsatay "guusha waddada hantiwadaagga iyo kacaanka" (tarjumaad). Guddi faaf-reeb ah ayaa wararka u qaabeyn jiray sida ay tilmaamaha SRC dhigayaan (isla ishaas). - **1978 kadib.** Kadib [dagaalkii Ogaadeenya](/so/history/ogaden-war-1977/), Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay diiwaangelisay "xarig, jirdil iyo dil degdeg ah oo loo geystay mucaaradka iyo ciqaab wadareed oo lagu sameeyay beelaha loo malaynayay inay ka qayb qaateen iska caabin habaysan" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/27.htm)). Eeg [jabhadaha hubaysan, 1978–1991](/so/history/armed-movements-1978-1991/) iyo [xasuuqii Isaaq, 1987–1989](/so/history/isaaq-genocide-1987-1989/). ## Beelaha iyo dowladaha hoose SRC waxay "qabyaaladda" ka dhigtay dembi lagu ciqaabo xarig iyo ganaax. Odayaashii beelaha ee mushaharka qaadan jiray waxaa beddelay *nabadoon* ("nabad-ilaaliyayaal") ay dowladdu magacawday, guurkuna wuxuu ahaa inuu ka dhaco xarumaha hanuuninta ee degmooyinka ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/22.htm)). Dowladdu waxay 140,000 oo reer guuraa ah dejisay bulshooyin beeraley iyo kalluumaysato ah (isla ishaas). Golayaashii hoose ee la doortay waa la kala diray afgambiga kadib. Dalka waxaa dib loogu qaybiyay 16 gobol iyo 84 degmo. Saraakiil militari ayaa guddoomin jiray golayaasha gobollada, inta badan xubnaha golayaashuna waxay ka imanayeen ciidamada, booliiska iyo hay'adaha amniga. Sharci 1979 ah ayaa oggolaaday doorashooyin degmo, iyadoo musharraxiinta dowladdu horta ansixinaysay ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/69.htm)). Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay diiwaangelisay in dowladda "si caadi ah loogu yeeri jiray magaca sirta ah ee MOD" (tarjumaad): Mareexaan (beesha Siyaad Barre), Ogaadeen (beesha hooyadiis) iyo Dhulbahante (beesha seeddigiis). 1975, 10 ka mid ah 20-ka xubnood ee SRC waxay ahaayeen Daarood, Digil iyo Raxanweyn-na midna kuma lahayn ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/24.htm)). Ilaa 1980 inta badan hoggaamiyeyaasha sare ee XHKS waxay ka imanayeen isla saddexdaas beelood ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/72.htm)). ## Farta Soomaaliga iyo akhris-qoraalka 21 Oktoobar 1972 SRC waxay ku dhawaaqday in far Laatiin ah ay noqonayso habka rasmiga ah ee Af-Soomaaliga loo qoro laga bilaabo 1 Janaayo 1973. Shaqaalaha dowladda waxaa la siiyay saddex bilood, markii dambena lix, si ay u bartaan ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm)). - **Kahor.** Waraaqaha dowladda waxay ku qornaayeen Ingiriisi iyo Talyaani, akhris-qoraalkuna waxaa lagu qiyaasay 5 boqolkiiba 1972. - **Ololayaasha.** Ilaa 8,000 macallin ayaa wax ka dhigayay magaalooyinka, kadibna in ka badan 20,000, oo kala badhkood ahaayeen ardayda dugsiyada sare, ayaa u ambabaxay reer guuraaga laga bilaabo Agoosto 1974. - **Natiijada.** "Dhowr boqol oo kun oo qof" (tarjumaad) ayaa wejigii hore wax akhris bartay. QM waxay akhris-qoraalka ku qiyaastay 24 boqolkiiba 1990 (isla ishaas). Eeg [Af-Soomaaliga](/en/society/the-somali-language/). ## Dhammaadkii, 1990–1991 Maajo 1990, 114 shakhsiyaad bulshada ka mid ah ayaa saxiixay baaq ugu baaqaya dowladda inay is casisho. Oktoobar 1990 Siyaad Barre wuxuu soo jeediyay qabyo dastuur cusub, wuxuuna baabi'iyay Maxkamadaha Badbaadada Qaranka ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/66.htm); [Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/67.htm)). Dabayaaqadii Janaayo 1991 wuxuu ka codsaday wasiirkiisii hore ee arrimaha dibadda Cumar Carte Qaalib (Omar Arteh Ghalib) inuu dhiso dowlad la wada xaajooda jabhadaha hubaysan, laakiin wuxuu caasimadda ka baxay ka hor intaan awoodda la wareejin ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/66.htm)). Dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee xigtay waxay sii haysay qodobbada dastuurkii 1979 ee aysan burin ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/67.htm)). Eeg [burburkii, 1991–2000](/en/history/collapse-1991-2000/). ## Yaa dhibaatooday? - **Siyaasiyiintii la xiray.** Cigaal iyo hoggaamiyeyaal kale oo rayid ah ayaa la haystay laga bilaabo 1969, qaarkood ilaa 1982 ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/23.htm); [Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/27.htm)). - **Kuwii NSC maxkamadaysay.** Mucaaradku waxay sheegeen in boqollaal lagu xukumay dil sababo siyaasadeed ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/71.htm)). - **Beelo dhan** oo loo ciqaabay iska caabin hubaysan, sida ay Maktabadda Koongareesku u qortay, 1978 kadib ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/27.htm)). - **Toban culimo diinta ah** oo la dilay 1975. Eeg [sharciga qoyska ee 1975](/so/society/family-law-1975-and-the-ten-scholars/). ## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin - **Yaa hoggaamiyay afgambiga.** Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay sheegtay in Siyaad Barre aan loo arkin qorsheeyihii afgambiga laakiin uu hoggaanka la wareegay. Dowladda lafteedu markii dambe waxay afgambiga u soo bandhigtay kacdoon la qorsheeyay ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/21.htm)). - **Ilaa intee dowladdu hantiwadaag ahayd.** Siyaad Barre wuxuu fikradda ugu yeeray hantiwadaagga cilmiga ku dhisan. Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay qortay in "u janjeedhka dhabta ah ee Marxisnimada uusan Soomaaliya ku xididaysnayn" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/24.htm)). - **Natiijooyinka doorashooyinka.** Dowladdu waxay ku dhawaaqday in ka badan 99 boqolkiiba oo ogolaansho ah 1979, 1984 iyo 1986. Mucaaradka iyo dadka dowladda dhaleeceeya looma oggolaan inay tartamaan ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/68.htm)). ## Akhri ilaha asalka ah - Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study* (1993): [Afgambiga](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/20.htm), [Dowladdii kacaanka](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/21.htm), [Golaha Sare ee Kacaanka](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/22.htm), [Caqabadihii dowladda](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/23.htm), [Hantiwadaagga cilmiga ku dhisan](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/24.htm), [Luqadda iyo akhris-qoraalka](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/25.htm), [XHKS](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/26.htm), [1980–90](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/27.htm), [Qaab-dhismeedka dowladda](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/66.htm), [Dastuurka](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/67.htm), [Sharci-dejinta](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/68.htm), [Dowladaha hoose](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/69.htm), [Nidaamka sharciga](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/70.htm), [Maxkamadaha](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/71.htm), [Siyaasadda](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/72.htm).