# Dalka Punt iyo xeebta Soomaalida: waxa ay diiwaannada Masar sheegaan > Dalka Punt ee diiwaannada Masar laga soo bilaabo Sahure ilaa Ramesses III, safarkii Hatshepsut, iyo caddaymaha ku saabsan in Punt uu ku yaallay xeebta Soomaalida iyo in kale. Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/punt-and-the-somali-coast/ Language: so Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/punt-and-the-somali-coast/ Last checked: 2026-11-12 Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com) ## Kooban *Punt* (af-Masaari hore, *Pwnt*) wuxuu ka muuqdaa diiwaannada Masar in ka badan 1,300 sano. Masaaridu waxay sidoo kale ugu yeeri jireen *Ta-netjer*, "Dhulka Ilaahay". Waxay u tagi jireen markab si ay uga keenaan malmal iyo foox ay ku shidaan macbadyadooda, iyo abanuus, fool maroodi, dahab, harag xayawaan iyo xayawaan nool. Ma jiro qoraal Masaari ah oo khariidad bixiya. Meesha Punt ku yaallay weli waa lagu doodaa. Aragtiyaha ugu waaweyn ayaa hoos lagu soo bandhigay, mid kastana ishiisa. Dowlad goboleedka Puntland ee Soomaaliya maanta magaceeda waxay ka qaadatay Punt ([BBC News, Puntland profile](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14114727)). ## Xiriir kasta oo Masar la diiwaangeliyay oo ay la yeelatay Punt Aqoonyahanka Mareykanka ah ee taariikhda Masar James Henry Breasted ayaa 1906 isu keenay diiwaannadii hore ([Breasted, *Ancient Records of Egypt*, mug. 2, §247](https://archive.org/details/ancientrecordsof02brea_0)): - **Boqortooyadii Afraad (qiyaastii 2600–2500 CH).** Nin Punt ka yimid ayaa u muuqda adeege u shaqeeya mid ka mid ah wiilashii Boqor Khufu, kii dhisay Ahraamta Weyn. - **Boqortooyadii Shanaad.** Boqor Sahure wuxuu safar u diray Punt. Boqor Isesi wuxuu diray mid kale, kaas oo soo celiyay qof gaaban oo qoob-ka-ciyaar. - **Boqortooyadii Lixaad.** Xilligii Pepi II sarkaal la yiraahdo Enenkhet waxaa dilay "dadka ciidda deggan ee xeebta" (tarjumaad) intii uu markab Punt u socda dhisayay. Safar kale ayaa u baxay iyadoo uu hoggaaminayo kaaliyaha khasnajiga Thethy. - **Boqortooyadii Kow iyo Tobnaad (qiyaastii 2000 CH).** Henu, khasnajiga sare ee Mentuhotep III, wuxuu safar u diray Punt, wuxuuna la raacay ilaa xeebta Badda Cas. - **Boqortooyadii Laba iyo Tobnaad.** Sarkaal ka tirsanaa Amenemhet II oo la yiraahdo Khentkhetwer ayaa diiwaangeliyay inuu si nabad ah uga soo laabtay Punt. Safar kale ayaa u baxay xilligii Senusret II. Sheeko ka timid Boqortooyadii Dhexe, *Sheekada Badmaaxii Markabkiisu Jabay*, waxay ka dhacdaa safar Punt loo socday. - **Boqortooyadii Siddeed iyo Tobnaad (qiyaastii 1470 CH).** Safarkii Boqoradda Hatshepsut, oo lagu qoray macbadkeeda Deir el-Bahari (eeg hoos). - **Boqortooyadii Labaatanaad (qiyaastii 1150 CH).** Warqadda Papyrus Harris I, oo ka timid xilligii Ramesses III, waxay sharraxdaa maraakiib ka soo laabanaya Punt iyo alaabtoodii oo dhul ahaan loo qaaday Coptos oo ku taal Webiga Niil ([Breasted, *Ancient Records of Egypt*, mug. 4, §407](https://archive.org/details/ancient-records-of-egypt-vol-4_202011)). Breasted wuxuu xusay in, marka laga reebo sawir-qoreedyada Hatshepsut, "ilahaas midkoodna kuma jiro wax ka badan tilmaan aad u yar oo ku saabsan in safarku dhacay" (tarjumaad) (mug. 2, §247). ## Safarkii Hatshepsut, qiyaastii 1470 CH Diiwaanka ugu buuxa ee Punt waa sawir-qoreedyo midab leh oo taxane ah oo ku yaal dabaqa dhexe ee macbadka Hatshepsut ee Deir el-Bahari, magaalada Thebes. Safarku wuxuu soo laabtay wax yar ka hor sannadkii sagaalaad ee xukunkeeda ([Breasted, mug. 2, §246](https://archive.org/details/ancientrecordsof02brea_0)). Shan markab ayaa la muujiyay. **Dalka.** Sawir-qoreedyadu waxay muujiyaan guryaha dadka Punt oo "tiirar la saaray" (tarjumaad), dhex yaal dhir, biyo agtood (§254). **Taliyaha.** Madaxa Punt waxaa la yiraahdaa *Perehu*. Gadaashiisa waxaa socota xaaskiisa, oo magaceedu yahay Eti sida uu Breasted u akhriyay (Ati tarjumaadaha kale), kadibna laba wiil iyo gabar, iyo saddex adeege oo wada "dameerka xaaskiisa sida" (tarjumaad) (§254, 258). **Kulanka.** Qoraalka ka sarreeya dadka Punt wuxuu leeyahay (§257): > "Maxaad halkan ugu timaadeen dalkan, oo aan dadku aqoon? Ma waddooyinka samada ayaad ku soo degteen, mise biyaha ayaad ku soo dhooftaan, badda Dhulka Ilaahay?" (tarjumaad) Qoraallada Masaariga ahi waxay dadka Punt u soo bandhigaan kuwo canshuur bixinaya. Joyce Tyldesley, oo qortay taariikh nololeedka Hatshepsut, waxay u akhrisaa safar ganacsi oo qoraallada macbadku ku sharraxeen luqadda canshuurta ([Tyldesley, *Hatchepsut: The Female Pharaoh*, 1996, bb. 145–149](https://archive.org/details/hatchepsutfemale00tyld)). **Rarka.** Waxa ka sarreeya maraakiibta (§265): > "Maraakiibta oo si aad u culus loogu raray yaababka dalka Punt; dhammaan qoryaha udgoon ee wanaagsan ee Dhulka Ilaahay, tuulmooyin xabagta malmalka ah, geedo malmal oo cusub, abanuus iyo fool maroodi saafi ah, dahab cagaaran oo Emu ah, qoryo qorfe ah, qoryo khesyt ah, foox ihmut ah, foox sonter ah, kuul indhaha, daanyeerro, shaadi, eeyo, iyo harag shabeelka koonfureed, iyo dadka deegaanka iyo carruurtooda. Weligeed lama keenin wax la mid ah boqor kasta oo jiray tan iyo bilowgii." (tarjumaad) 31 geed oo malmal ah oo nool ayaa la soo celiyay si loogu beero macbadka Amun (§272). Sawir-qoreedyada markii dambe waa la waxyeelleeyay: magaca iyo sawirrada Hatshepsut waa la xoqay dhimashadeeda kadib, magaca Amun-na waa la tirtiray xilligii Amenhotep IV (§246, faallo). ## Halkee buu ku yaallay Punt? Waxa il kastaa sheegto - **Dekedda Masar.** Qodaallo ay hoggaaminayeen Kathryn Bard iyo Rodolfo Fattovich oo laga sameeyay Mersa/Wadi Gawasis oo ku taal xeebta Badda Cas ee Masar ayaa laga helay qoryo maraakiib, barroosinno iyo tiirar dhagax ah oo qoraal leh oo magacaabaya safarrada Punt. Tani waxay ahayd deked safarka loo isticmaalo, sidaas darteed Punt wuxuu ku yaallay koonfurta Badda Cas ([Jaamacadda Boston, mashruuca Mersa/Wadi Gawasis](https://www.bu.edu/archaeology/archaeological-investigations-at-mersa-wadi-gawasis-egypt/)). - **Daraasaddii daanyeerrada, 2020.** Masar waxay Punt ka keeni jirtay daanyeerro hamadryas ah oo barakaysan. Nathaniel Dominy iyo asxaabtiisa waxay cabbireen isotoobyada oksijiinta iyo strontium-ka ee 155 daanyeer oo casri ah oo laga keenay 77 meelood, waxayna barbardhigeen daanyeerro la qalajiyay (mummy). Laba mummy oo Boqortooyadii Cusub ah "waxaa laga raadiyay aag ay ku jiraan inta badan Itoobiya, Ereteriya iyo Jabuuti maanta, iyo qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya iyo Yaman" (tarjumaad). Qorayaashu waxay qoreen in tani "xoojinayso inta badan malaha aqoonyahannada ee ku saabsan meesha Punt" (tarjumaad) ([Dominy iyo asxaabtiis, *eLife*, 2020](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60860)). - **Daraasaddii DNA-da ee xigtay, 2023.** DNA-da mitochondria ee daanyeer mummy ah oo ka dambeeyay (qiyaastii 800–540 CH) waxay la mid noqotay daanyeerrada casriga ah ee Ereteriya, Itoobiya iyo bariga Suudaan, taas oo tilmaantay dekedda Adulis ee Ereteriya xilligaas dambe ([Grathwol iyo asxaabtiis, *eLife*, 2023](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.87513)). - **Qodaalayaasha taariikhda ee xeebta Soomaalida.** Neville Chittick wuxuu qoray in "Masaaridii Hore, dalka Punt, oo badanaa lala mid dhigo xeebta waqooyi ee Soomaalida, loo arkayay dalka fooxa" (tarjumaad) ([Chittick 1979, b. 273](https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/PLACES/IndOc-Gulf/Somalia-Chittick1979.pdf)). Sada Mire waxay Punt dhigtaa "malaha meel ka mid ah dhinaca Afrika ee xeebta koonfureed ee Badda Cas" (tarjumaad), waxayna qortay in uu "si fiican u noqon karo aagga Soomaaliya/Soomaaliland maanta" (tarjumaad) ([Mire 2015, *African Archaeological Review* 32](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)). - **Aragtiyo kale.** Jacke Phillips waxay dib u eegtay caddaymaha isku xira Punt iyo Aksum oo dambe ([Phillips, "Punt and Aksum: Egypt and the Horn of Africa", *Journal of African History* 38, 1997](https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853797007068)). Dimitri Meeks wuxuu ku dooday galbeedka Jasiiradda Carabta ([Meeks, "Locating Punt", gudaha O'Connor iyo Quirke, *Mysterious Lands*, 2003](https://archive.org/details/mysteriouslands0000unse)). - **Magacyada.** W. H. Schoff wuxuu diiwaangeliyay aragtida Eduard Glaser ee ah in magacyada Pano iyo Opone, oo ku yaal xeebta Soomaalida ee kitaabka *Periplus* ee qarnigii 1aad, ay ka dhawaajinayaan "Punt" ([Schoff 1912, faallooyinka b. 87](https://archive.org/details/cu31924030139236)). ## Sheegashooyinka "Puntite" iyo bililiqada Tan iyo 2012, goobo ku yaal Soomaaliland ayaa lagu sheegay inay yihiin "Fircooni" ama "Puntite". Sada Mire waxaa dowladda Soomaaliland ka codsatay inay baarto 2014. Waxay ogaatay in goobaha la tusay ay ahaayeen taallooyin qabuuro ah oo dhagxaantoodii laga qaaday, iyo in nin uu iibinayay farshaxanno loogu yeero "Fircooni" ilaa US$15,000. Waxay qortay in farshaxannadaas iyo goobahaasba "si sax ah loo baaro" (tarjumaad), iyo in baahida loo qabo ay keentay bililiqo ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)). ## Bogag la xiriira - [Kahor 1300: dhulalkii hore ee Soomaalida](/so/history/ancient-somali-lands-before-1300/) - [Dekedaha Soomaalida ee kitaabka Periplus](/so/history/periplus-somali-ports-1st-century/) - [Fooxa iyo malmalka: ganacsigii hore ee uunsiga Soomaalida](/so/history/ancient-frankincense-and-myrrh-trade/)