# Xilligii Dhagaxa ee dhulka Soomaalida: Buur Heybe, Gogoshiis Qabe, Guli Waabayo iyo Hargeisan

> Goobaha Xilligii Dhagaxa ee dhulka Soomaalida: Buur Heybe iyo hoyyadeeda dhagaxa ah, qalabka Hargeisan ee Laas Geel, 'Xilligii Qoyanaanta Afrika', iyo ilaha.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/prehistory-stone-age-somali-lands/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/prehistory-stone-age-somali-lands/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Si kooban

Muddo dheer ka hor intaanay xoolo-dhaqatadu lo' ku sawirin Laas Geel, ugaarsato iyo midho-urursato ayaa ku noolaa dhulka Soomaalida. Qalabkoodii dhagaxa ahaa, lafaha xayawaankii ay cuni jireen iyo aasaskoodu waxay ku badbaadeen hoyyo dhagax ah iyo goobo bannaan. Inta badan waxa la yaqaan waxay ka yimaadeen laba meelood: buuraha keligood taagan (*buur*) ee koonfurta dhexda labada webi, Shabeelle iyo Jubba, iyo buuraha granite-ka ah ee woqooyiga agagaarka Hargeysa.

## Gobolka Buurta: qodistii ugu horreysay Soomaaliya

**Buur Heybe**, oo ku taal gobolka Baay, waa tan ugu weyn buuraha granite-ka ah ee keligood ka soo baxa dhul-daaqsimeedka siman ee labada webi u dhexeeya. Magaceeda waxaa loo turjumay "buurta ciidda dheryasameeyaha", waxaana lagu bartay dhaqankeeda dheri-samaynta ee nool iyo taariikhdeeda hore labadaba ([Belkin, Brandt iyo Noor, *The Potters of Buur Heybe, Somalia*, Left Coast Press, 2006](https://search.worldcat.org/title/76174785)).

- **1935.** Aqoonyahanka qadiimiga ee Talyaaniga Paolo Graziosi wuxuu qoday hoyga dhagaxa ah ee Gogoshiis Qabe ee Buur Heybe, qodistii xirfadeed ee ugu horreysay Soomaaliya. Wuxuu magacaabay saddex warshadood oo qalab dhagax ah, kan ugu hooseeya Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dhexe, kan ugu sarreeyana Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dambe, kan ugu dambeeyana wuxuu ugu yeeray "Eibian" ([Brandt, "Early Holocene mortuary practices and hunter-gatherer adaptations in southern Somalia", *World Archaeology*, 1988](https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1988.9980055)).
- **1940-meeyadii.** Aqoonyahanka qadiimiga ee Ingiriiska J. Desmond Clark wuxuu qoday hoyga Guli Waabayo ee Buur Heybe iyo goobta bannaan ee Rifle Range ee Buur Hakaba oo u dhow. 1954 wuxuu daabacay *The Prehistoric Cultures of the Horn of Africa*, taxanihii guud ee ugu horreeyay ee gobolka ([Jones, Brandt iyo Marshall 2018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.09.030); [Gutherz iyo kuwo kale 2014](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.038)).
- **1980-meeyadii.** Steven Brandt wuxuu hoggaamiyay Mashruuca Deegaanka iyo Qadiimiga Buurta isagoo la shaqaynayay saaxiibbo Soomaali ah. Brandt wuxuu 1986 ku dooday in inta badan qaybaha dhaqanka ee Clark ay "u baahnaayeen dib-u-eegis" (tarjumaad) ([Brandt, "The Upper Pleistocene and early Holocene prehistory of the Horn of Africa", *African Archaeological Review*, 1986](https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01117035)).
- **1989.** Shaqadii goobta ee koonfurta way istaagtay markii dagaalku faafay. Inta badan alaabtii la qoday waxaa loo dhoofiyay daraasad iyadoo ay oggolaatay Akadeemiyadda Cilmiga Soomaaliyeed; ururinnadii lagu reebay Matxafka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed way lumeen markii matxafka la dhacay ([Jones, Brandt iyo Marshall, *Quaternary International*, 2018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.09.030)).

## Da'deedu waa imisa? Taariikhaha Guli Waabayo

Taariikhayn cusub oo kaarboonka shucaaca ah oo la daabacay 2021, oo lagu sameeyay qolofta ukunta gorayada iyo dhaldhalaalka ilkaha xayawaanka, ayaa muujinaysa "isticmaal soo noqnoqday oo goobta ah muddo ~20,000 sano ah" (tarjumaad). Qorayaashu waxay helaan laba xilli oo waaweyn oo la isticmaalay ([Jones, Brandt, Henry iyo Ambrose, *Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports*, 2021](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102844)):

- **Qiyaastii 29,000 ilaa 26,000 ilaa 15,000 ilaa 11,000 sano ka hor**, intii lagu jiray qaybta ugu qabow uguna engegan Xilligii Barafka ee ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo qalab dhagax ah oo warshadda **Eibian** ah. Waxay u yaqaanaan "caddaynta raadiyameetriga ah ee ugu horraysa ee degitaanka Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dambe (LSA) ee koonfur-bari Geeska Afrika" (tarjumaad).
- **Qiyaastii 11,000 ilaa 9,000 ilaa 7,500 ilaa 6,000 sano ka hor**, horraantii iyo bartamihii Holocene, iyadoo qalab warshadda **Bardaale** ah.

Goobta Rifle Range ee Buur Hakaba, ugaarsatada iyo midho-urursatadu waxay ku tiirsanaayeen buuraha keligood taagan, ugaarta waaweyn iyo deeroyinka yaryar (sagaaro) qiyaastii 20,000 ilaa 5,000 sano ka hor ([Jones, Brandt iyo Marshall 2018](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.09.030)).

Daraasadda Brandt ee 1988 waxay sharraxday aasaskii horraantii Holocene ee Buur Heybe iyo waxa ay ka muujiyaan sida ugaarsatadu u noolaayeen ([Brandt 1988](https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1988.9980055)).

## Geeska oo cagaar ahaa: Xilligii Qoyanaanta Afrika

Qiyaastii 14,000 ilaa 5,000 sano ka hor, waqooyiga iyo bariga Afrika "aad bay uga qoyanaayeen oo uga cagaarnaayeen maanta" (tarjumaad). Isotoobyada oksijiinta ee ilkaha sagaaro iyo duurka (gol) ee Gogoshiis Qabe iyo Guli Waabayo ayaa loo adeegsaday in lagu raadraaco sida dhulku u engegnaa muddadaas ([Reid, Jones, Brandt iyo kuwo kale, *Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology*, 2019](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109272)). Muunad badeed oo laga soo qaaday Gacanka Cadan ayaa muujinaysa in u gudubka iyo ka bixitaanka xilligan qoyan ay ahaayeen kuwo degdeg ah, oo dhacay "qarniyo gudahood ee ma ahayn kumanaan sano" (tarjumaad) ([Tierney iyo deMenocal, *Science* 342, 2013](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240411)).

Xayawaanka duurjoogta ah ee lagu sawiray farshaxanka dhagxaanta woqooyiga, sida geri, oo aan halkaas hadda laga helin, waxay ku habboon yihiin taariikhdan cagaaran. Sada Mire waxay qortay in muuqaallada ugaarsiga "ay tilmaamayaan dhaqaale isku dhafan iyo deegaan aad uga cagaaran waxa gobolku maanta bixiyo" (tarjumaad) ([Mire 2015, *African Archaeological Review* 32](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)).

## Woqooyiga: Hargeisan iyo Hoyga 7aad ee Laas Geel

Clark wuxuu warshad "Hargeisan" ah ka qeexay goobo u dhow Hargeysa, oo isku daraysa astaamaha Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dhexe iyo kan Dambe, iyo mid dambe oo "Somaliland Wilton" ah. Kooxdii Faransiiska ee diiwaangelisay sawirrada Laas Geel waxay qodday Hoyga 7aad waxayna heleen laba weji. Lakabyada sare waxay hayeen qalab yaryar oo Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dambe ah. Lakabyada hoose waxay isku darayeen af-dhagaxyo Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dambe iyo "farsamada Levallois", hab Xilliga Dhagaxa ee Dhexe ah, taas oo "taageeraysa in la barbardhigo 'Warshadda Hargeisan'" (tarjumaad), waxayna ku taariikhaysan tahay dhammaadkii Pleistocene ([Gutherz, Diaz, Ménard, Bon iyo kuwo kale, "The Hargeisan revisited", *Quaternary International* 343, 2014](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2014.04.038)).

Mire waxay taxdaa goobo kale oo Xilliga Dhagaxa ah oo woqooyiga ah oo weli u baahan daraasad: Lukuud oo u dhow Aw-Barkhadle, iyo Gumburaha iyo Aqalo-lamoodka oo u dhow Dhubato ee gobolka Hargeysa ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)).

## Ugaarsiga ilaa xoolo-dhaqashada

Cutubka xiga waa xoolo-dhaqatadii ugu horreysay, kuwaas oo lo'dooda, idahooda iyo riyahoodu ay ka muuqdaan farshaxanka dhagxaanta woqooyiga laga bilaabo qiyaastii kunkii sano ee 3aad ka hor miilaadiga. Eeg [Laas Geel iyo farshaxanka dhagxaanta Soomaalida](/so/history/laas-geel-and-somali-rock-art/).

## Bogag la xiriira

- [Ka hor 1300: dhulka Soomaalida ee hore](/so/history/ancient-somali-lands-before-1300/)
- [Aasaska hore, tiirarka dhagaxa iyo magaalooyinka](/so/history/ancient-burials-stelae-and-towns/)