# Taariikhda badda Soomaaliya: taxane laga bilaabo Periplus ilaa xukunkii ICJ ee 2021

> Taariikhda badda Soomaaliya oo taariikh ahaan u habaysan: dekedihii Periplus, ganacsigii Badweynta Hindiya ee qarniyadii dhexe, Bortuqiiska, badmaaxiyiinta dibadda u baxay, ciidanka badda, burcad-badeednimada, kalluumaysiga iyo xuduudda badda ee Kenya.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/maritime-history-of-somalia/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/maritime-history-of-somalia/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Kooban

Boggani wuxuu taariikhda xeebta Soomaaliya iyo ganacsigeeda badda u habeeyay sida ay u kala horreeyaan. Sadar kastaa wuxuu ku xiran yahay bog dhammaystiran oo ilihiisa leh. Xeebta maanta, eeg [kalluumaysiga iyo badda](/so/economy/fishing-and-the-sea/) iyo [dekedaha](/so/economy/ports/).

## Waqtiyadii hore

- **Qarnigii 1aad ee miilaadiga.** *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*, oo ah buug Giriig ah oo hagaya badmaaxiyiinta, wuxuu taxayaa Avalites (oo u dhow Saylac), Malao (Berbera), Mundus (Xiis), Mosylon, Suuqa Xawaashka oo u dhow Raas Caseyr (Cape Guardafui), iyo Opone (Xaafuun), kuwaas oo dhoofin jiray malmal, foox iyo xawaash ([Chittick, *International Journal of Nautical Archaeology* 8.4, 1979](https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/PLACES/IndOc-Gulf/Somalia-Chittick1979.pdf)). Eeg [dekedihii Periplus](/so/history/periplus-somali-ports-1st-century/).
- **Qarniyadii 1aad–3aad.** Alaab Roomaan, Masaari, Barthiyaan (Parthian), Carbeed Koonfureed iyo Hindi ah ayaa laga helay Xiis (Heis) oo ku taal Sanaag ([Fernández Fernández, González-Ruibal iyo de Torres, 2022](https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16511)). Eeg [Xiis](/so/history/heis-xiis-ancient-port-and-cairns/) iyo [Opone ee Xaafuun](/so/history/ancient-port-of-opone-ras-hafun/).
- **Qorayaashii Giriigga iyo Roomaanka** xeebta waxay u yeereen *Barbaria*. Eeg [qorayaashii Giriigga iyo Roomaanka ee xeebta Soomaaliya](/so/history/greek-and-roman-writers-on-the-somali-coast/).

## 800-meeyadii ilaa 1500: ganacsigii Badweynta Hindiya

- **Bartamihii 800-meeyadii.** Aqoonyahankii Tang-ka ee Duan Chengshi wuxuu qoray Po-pa-li (Berbera), oo ka ganacsan jirtay foolmaroodi iyo cambar ([Hirth iyo Rockhill, *Chau Ju-kua*, 1911](https://archive.org/details/chaujukuahiswork00chauuoft)). Eeg [diiwaannada Shiinaha ee xeebta Soomaaliya](/so/history/chinese-records-of-the-somali-coast/).
- **Qiyaastii 1000–1600.** Suuqyo xeebeed oo ku dhowaa Berbera ayaa Aasiya la ganacsan jiray; sahamino ayaa laga helay alaab laga keenay Shiinaha, Hindiya iyo Faaris ([González-Ruibal, de Torres iyo kuwo kale, 2021](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ara.2021.100289)). Eeg [suuqyadii ganacsiga ee xeebta Berbera](/so/history/berbera-coast-trade-fairs-1000-1600/).
- **1229–1454.** Buugaagta canshuurta ee boqortooyadii Rasuuliyiinta ee Yaman waxay Saylac ku tilmaamaan dekedda ugu weyn ee ganacsiga "Abyssinia" (Xabashida), Berbera iyo Maydh dekedo ido u dhoofiya Cadan, Muqdishona magaalo ganacsi oo Bariga Afrika ah ([Vallet, *L'Arabie marchande*](https://books.openedition.org/psorbonne/2455)). Eeg [Yamantii Rasuuliyiinta iyo dekedaha Soomaaliya](/so/history/rasulid-yemen-and-somali-ports-1229-1454/).
- **Qiyaastii 1298.** Marco Polo ayaa wax ka qoray xeebta. Eeg [Marco Polo iyo xeebta Soomaaliya](/so/history/marco-polo-and-the-somali-coast/).
- **1331.** Ibn Battuta wuxuu qoray in dhallinyaro Muqdisho ah ay soo dhoweyn jireen markab kasta si ay ganacsatada martiqaad ugu sameeyaan ([Gibb, 1929](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62617)). Eeg [Ibn Battuta oo jooga Muqdisho iyo Saylac](/so/history/ibn-battuta-in-mogadishu-and-zeila-1331/).

## 1499 ilaa 1884: Bortuqiiska, Cumaan iyo Sansibaar

- **1499–1500-meeyadii.** Vasco da Gama wuxuu Muqdisho agteeda maray 1499. Duarte Barbosa wuxuu qoray in Saylac, Berbera, Baraawe (Barawa) iyo Muqdisho ay dahab, foolmaroodi iyo hadhuudh kala ganacsan jireen Hindiya iyo Carabta. Eeg [magaalooyinka xeebta, 1331–1586](/so/history/somali-coast-towns-1331-1586/).
- **Horraantii 1500-meeyadii.** João de Barros wuxuu qoray in markab Muqdisho ka yimid uu ahaa markabkii shisheeye ee ugu horreeyay ee gaara ganacsiga dahabka ee Sofala. Eeg [Muqdisho iyo Baraawe ee João de Barros](/so/history/mogadishu-and-brava-in-joao-de-barros/) iyo [Saylac iyo Berbera ee Barros](/en/history/zeila-and-berbera-in-joao-de-barros/).
- **1700-meeyadii–1880-meeyadii.** "Cumaaniyiintu waxay xeebta Banaadir ku lahaayeen awood aan muuqan" (tarjumaad), xeebtaas oo markii dambe "lagu soo jiiday saamaynta taliyayaashii Sansibaar (Zanzibar)" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study*](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/7.htm)). Eeg [saldanaddaha, xeebta iyo xeerka dhaqanka](/so/history/sultanates-the-coast-and-customary-law-1700s-1880s/).

## 1884 ilaa 1991: gumeysiga, badmaaxiyiinta iyo ciidan badeed

- **1884 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay.** Ingiriisku wuxuu xeebta waqooyi u qabsaday inta badan si uu Cadan (Aden) xoolo ugu helo; Talyaanigu wuxuu qaatay dekedaha Banaadir. Eeg [Somaliland-kii Ingiriiska](/so/history/british-somaliland-1884-1960/) iyo [kala qaybintii](/so/history/partition-1884-1926/).
- **1880-meeyadii–1950-meeyadii.** Badmaaxiyiin iyo ganacsato Soomaali ah ayaa dibadda ku degay iyagoo sii maraya Cadan; 1955-kii Cadan waxaa degganaa 10,611 Soomaali ah. Eeg [badmaaxiyiintii Soomaaliyeed iyo muhaajiriintii hore](/en/diaspora/somali-seamen-and-early-migrants/).
- **1964.** Ciidanka Badda Soomaaliya waxaa la aasaasay iyadoo Midowga Soofiyeeti caawinayo, saldhigyona ku lahaa Berbera iyo Kismaayo (Kismayo). Wuxuu la burburay dowladdii 1990–1991. Eeg [Ciidanka Badda Soomaaliya](/en/institutions/somali-navy/).

## 1991 ilaa hadda: burcad-badeednimada, kalluumaysiga iyo xuduudaha

- **Bartamihii 2000-meeyadii ilaa 2012.** Kooxo hubaysan oo ka yimid xeebaha Mudug, Nugaal iyo Bari ayaa afduubay maraakiib; weeraradu waxay heerka ugu sarreeya gaareen 2009–2011. Eeg [burcad-badeednimada xeebaha Soomaaliya](/en/institutions/piracy-off-somalia/) iyo [maraakiibta laga afduubay xeebaha Soomaaliya](/en/economy/ships-hijacked-off-somalia/).
- **26 Diseembar 2004.** Tsunami-gii Badweynta Hindiya ayaa ku dhuftay xeebta Puntland. Eeg [tsunami-gii 2004](/en/society/tsunami-2004-somalia/).
- **2009.** Ciidanka badda ayaa dib loo aasaasay. Eeg [Ciidanka Badda Soomaaliya](/en/institutions/somali-navy/).
- **2014 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay.** Shirkad Turki ah ayaa la wareegtay dekedda Muqdisho, DP World-na waxay ballaarisay Berbera laga bilaabo 2017. Eeg [dekedaha](/so/economy/ports/) iyo [dekedda Berbera](/so/economy/port-of-berbera/).
- **12 Oktoobar 2021.** Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Caddaaladda (ICJ) ayaa sawirtay xuduudda badda ee u dhaxaysa Soomaaliya iyo Kenya, waxayna diiday xariiqda Kenya ee ku socota loolka (latitude) ([ICJ, Xukunka 12 Oktoobar 2021](https://lagen.nu/icj/161-20211012-JUD-01-00)). Eeg kiiska badda ee Soomaaliya iyo Kenya.
- **8 Febraayo 2024.** Soomaaliya iyo Turkiga waxay saxiixeen heshiis difaac iyo dhaqaale oo toban sano ah, kaas oo Turkigu ku dhisayo kuna tababarayo ciidanka badda. Eeg [Ciidanka Badda Soomaaliya](/en/institutions/somali-navy/).
- **Kalluumaysiga sharci darrada ah** waxaa lagu qiyaasaa inuu Soomaaliya sannadkiiba ku kaco ilaa $300 milyan ([ENACT, Machadka Daraasaadka Amniga (ISS), Janaayo 2026](https://issafrica.org/enactafrica/research/research-papers/stolen-seas-somalias-struggle-with-illegal-fishing)). Eeg [kalluumaysiga iyo badda](/so/economy/fishing-and-the-sea/).

## Yaa dhibaatadu gaartay?

- **Badmaaxiyiinta ay burcad-badeedku qafaasheen,** iyo **bulshooyinka kalluumaysatada** ee ay saameeyeen kalluumaysiga sharci darrada ah iyo tsunami-gii 2004. Eeg boggaga lagu xiray.
- **Muhaajiriinta badda maraya.** Sebtembar 2007 oo keliya, doonyo ka ambabaxay Boosaaso (Bosaso) oo siday in ka badan 1,500 qof ayaa gaaray Yaman, "iyadoo 62 la sheegay inay dhinteen ama la la'yahay" (tarjumaad) ([Golaha Ammaanka QM, S/2007/658, faqrad 47](https://documents.un.org/api/symbol/access?s=S/2007/658&l=en&t=pdf)).

## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin

- **Halka ay ku yaalleen dekedihii Periplus.** Aqoonyahannada intooda badan waxay Malao dhigaan Berbera, Opone-na Xaafuun; aqoonsiyo kale waxaa looga hadlay [dekedihii Periplus](/so/history/periplus-somali-ports-1st-century/).

## Akhri ilaha asalka ah

- *The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*, tarjumaaddii W. H. Schoff (1912): [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/cu31924030139236).
- Ibn Battuta, *Travels in Asia and Africa*, tarjumaaddii Gibb (1929): [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62617).
- Maxkamadda Caalamiga ah ee Caddaaladda, *Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya)*, xukunkii 12 Oktoobar 2021: [qoraalka](https://lagen.nu/icj/161-20211012-JUD-01-00).