# Taariikhda Somaliland: taxane taariikheed oo ka bilaabma Waayihii Dhagaxa ilaa 2024 > Taariikhda Somaliland oo taariikhaha leh: Waayihii Dhagaxa, Saylac iyo Cadal, xukunkii Ingiriiska, midowgii 1960, dagaalkii 1980-meeyadii, ku dhawaaqiddii 1991 iyo doorashooyinka tan iyo markaas. Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/history-of-somaliland/ Language: so Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/history-of-somaliland/ Last checked: 2026-11-12 Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com) ## Si kooban Boggani wuxuu taariikhda waqooyi-galbeedka, oo ah dhulka maanta Somaliland, u habeeyay sida ay isugu xigeen. Sadar kasta wuxuu ku xiran yahay bog dhammaystiran oo ilihiisa leh. Khilaafka siyaasadeed ee tan iyo 1991, eeg [Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland, 1991 ilaa 2026](/so/states/somaliland-1991-to-2026/). ## Kahor 1500: dekedaha iyo saldanadaha - **Waayihii Dhagaxa.** Sawirrada dhagaxa ee Laas Geel oo u dhow Hargeysa (Hargeisa) hoostooda waxaa yaal qalab dhagax ah oo laga soo bilaabo dhammaadkii Xilligii Barafka ee ugu dambeeyay. Eeg [Waayihii Dhagaxa ee dhulalka Soomaalida](/so/history/prehistory-stone-age-somali-lands/). - **Qarnigii 1aad.** Buugga Giriigga ah ee *Periplus of the Erythraean Sea* (Socdaalka Badda Cas) wuxuu ka warramayaa suuqa Malao, oo loo aqoonsaday Berbera, iyo Avalites, oo inta badan loo aqoonsado Saylac ([Schoff, *The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea*, 1912](https://archive.org/details/cu31924030139236)). Eeg [Berbera hore](/so/history/early-berbera-before-1300/) iyo [Saylac hore](/so/history/early-zeila-before-1300/). - **800-meeyadii–1200-meeyadii.** Juqraafiyahannada Carabtu waxay Saylac ku magacaabaan deked haragga, cambarka iyo uunsiga u dhoofisa Yaman; 1200-meeyadii waxay dadkeeda ku tilmaamaan Muslimiin (Fauvelle-Aymar iyo kuwo kale, oo lagu soo xigtay [Saylac hore](/so/history/early-zeila-before-1300/)). - **1300-meeyadii–1500-meeyadii.** Masaajid dhagax ah ayaa laga dhisay magaalooyin ay ka mid yihiin Abasa, Camuud (Amud) iyo Saylac ([Cornax-Gómez iyo de Torres Rodríguez, 2023](https://doi.org/10.4000/remmm.19266)). Eeg [masaajidda qarniyadii dhexe ee Somaliland](/so/history/medieval-mosques-of-somaliland/) iyo [Aw Barre, Aiyanle iyo magaalooyinka xuduudda](/so/history/aw-bare-aiyanle-medieval-border-towns/). - **1331.** Ibn Battuta wuxuu booqday Saylac. Eeg [Ibn Battuta oo Muqdisho iyo Saylac jooga](/so/history/ibn-battuta-in-mogadishu-and-zeila-1331/). - **Horraantii 1400-meeyadii.** Suldaan Sacad ad-Diin (Saʿd ad-Din) oo Ifat ahaa wuxuu ku dhintay Saylac; wiilashiisu waxay aasaaseen Barr Sacad ad-Diin, oo ah Cadal ([Chekroun, *Médiévales* 79, 2020](https://shs.hal.science/halshs-03086735)). Eeg [dhimashadii Sacad ad-Diin ee Saylac](/so/history/saad-ad-din-death-at-zeila-and-sons-in-yemen/). ## 1500 ilaa 1884: Cadal iyo saldanadaha - **1527–1543.** Imaam Axmed ibn Ibraahim (Axmed Gurey) wuxuu hoggaamiyay Cadal, oo ay la socdeen dagaalyahanno Soomaali ah oo badan, dagaal ka dhan ah Itoobiya ([Basset, *Histoire de la conquête de l'Abyssinie*, 1897](https://archive.org/details/histoiredelacon00bassgoog)). Eeg [Imaam Axmed iyo duullaannadii Cadal](/so/history/imam-ahmad-and-adal-1527-1543/). - **1543–1583.** Dhimashadiisa kadib, xarunta Cadal waxay u guurtay gudaha dalka; Cusmaaniyiintu waxay qabsadeen Saylac. Eeg [dhammaadkii Cadal](/so/history/end-of-adal-1543-1583/). - **1700-meeyadii–1880-meeyadii.** Saldanado Soomaaliyeed, oo ay ka mid tahay Saldanadda Isaaq, ayaa xukumayay iyagoo la shaqaynayay xeerka, oo ah sharciga dhaqanka. Eeg [saldanadaha, xeebta iyo xeerka](/so/history/sultanates-the-coast-and-customary-law-1700s-1880s/). - **1854–1855.** Richard Burton wuxuu soo maray Saylac iyo Berbera. Eeg [*First Footsteps in East Africa*](/so/history/first-footsteps-in-east-africa/). ## 1884 ilaa 1960: maxmiyaddii Ingiriiska - **1884–1886.** Heshiisyo lala galay beelaha waqooyiga ayaa xeebta ka dhigay maxmiyad Ingiriis, oo loo haystay inta badan si xoolo loogu keeno Cadan (Aden) ([Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study*](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/9.htm)). Eeg [Somaliland-tii Ingiriiska, 1884–1960](/so/history/british-somaliland-1884-1960/). - **1899–1920.** Daraawiishtii Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (Mohammed Abdullah Hassan) waxay la dagaallameen Ingiriiska, Talyaaniga iyo Itoobiya ilaa diyaaradaha iyo ciidamada Ingiriisku ay qabsadeen Taleex (Taleh) 1920 ([War Office, *Official History*, 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)). Eeg [dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiishta](/so/history/dervish-movement-1899-1920/). - **1940–1941.** Talyaanigu wuxuu qabsaday maxmiyadda Agoosto 1940; Ingiriisku wuxuu dib ula wareegay Maarso 1941 ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/12.htm)). Eeg [Maamulkii Militariga Ingiriiska](/so/history/british-military-administration-1941-1950/). - **1940-meeyadii–1950-meeyadii.** Xisbiyo siyaasadeed ayaa koray, waxaana ka mid ahaa Ururka Qaranka Soomaaliyeed (SNL). Doorashooyinkii ugu horreeyay ee xisbiyada, 1960, SNL iyo Xisbiga Midowga Soomaaliyeed (USP) waxay ku guulaysteen dhammaan 33 kursi marka laga reebo mid ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/14.htm)). Eeg [xilligii waddaniyadda](/so/history/nationalist-era-1943-1960/). ## 1960: xorriyadda iyo midowga - **26 Juun 1960.** Somaliland-tii Ingiriisku waxay xorowday iyadoo ah Dowladda Somaliland, Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal (Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal) oo ra'iisul wasaare ah. Eeg [Dowladda Somaliland, 1960](/en/states/state-of-somaliland-1960/). - **1 Luulyo 1960.** Waxay la midowday dhulkii hore ee wisaayadda Talyaaniga si loo dhiso Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya. Eeg [xorriyadda iyo midowga](/so/history/independence-and-union-26-june-1-july-1960/) iyo [dastuurkii 1960](/so/history/1960-constitution/). ## 1960 ilaa 1991: Jamhuuriyadda iyo dagaalkii waqooyiga - **1969.** Ciidamadu waxay xukunka la wareegeen iyagoo uu hoggaaminayo Siyaad Barre (Siad Barre). Eeg [Jamhuuriyadda Dimuqraadiga Soomaaliya](/so/history/somali-democratic-republic-1969-1991/). - **6 Abriil 1981.** Dhaqdhaqaaqa Waddaniga Soomaaliyeed (SNM) waxaa London (Landan) ku aasaasay qurbajoog Isaaq ah ([Library of Congress](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/30.htm)). - **Maajo 1988 iyo wixii ka dambeeyay.** Kadib markii SNM weerartay Burco (Burao) iyo Hargeysa, ciidamada dowladdu waxay duqeeyeen labada magaalo waxayna dileen kumanaan dad rayid ah oo Isaaq ah; boqolaal kun ayaa u qaxay Itoobiya. Daraasad 1989 loo sameeyay Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka ayaa heshay "weerar baahsan, nidaamsan oo aad u xun oo lagu qaaday dadka rayidka ah ee Isaaq ee aan hubaysnayn" ([Gersony, *Why Somalis Flee*, 1989, b. 60](https://cja.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Gersony-Why-Somalis-Flee-Aug-1989.pdf)). Eeg [xasuuqii Isaaq](/so/history/isaaq-genocide-1987-1989/). ## 1991 ilaa 2012: Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland - **Janaayo 1991.** SNM waxay qabsatay "saldhigyadii militari ee go'doomiyay ee Berbera, Burco iyo Hargeysa" ([Library of Congress, "Politics of succession"](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm)). - **Abriil–Maajo 1991.** Shirweynihii Burco, madaxda beelaha waqooyiga waxay ka doodeen mustaqbalka; 17 ama 18 Maajo 1991 SNM waxay ku dhawaaqday Jamhuuriyadda Somaliland, iyadoo Cabdiraxmaan Axmed Cali "Tuur" (Abdirahman Ahmed Ali "Tuur") madaxweyne ah (isla ishaas). Eeg [shirweynihii Burco iyo ku dhawaaqidda](/so/history/somaliland-declaration-1991/). - **1992–1993.** Shirarkii odayaasha ee Sheekh iyo Boorama (Borama) waxay nabad dhex dhigeen beelaha ([Farah iyo Lewis, *Making Peace in Somaliland*, 1997](https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/3215/1/Making%20peace%20in%20Somaliland.pdf)). Laga bilaabo 1993, dowladdii Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal waxay dib u soo noolaysay wasaaradaha, bangi dhexe, lacag, booliis iyo maxkamado ([Bradbury, *Somaliland: Country Report*, 1997](https://www.progressio.org.uk/sites/progressio.org.uk/files/Somaliland-Country-Report-Mark-Bradbury.pdf)). Eeg [Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal](/so/people/mohamed-haji-ibrahim-egal/). - **31 Maajo 2001.** Afti ayaa lagu ansixiyay dastuur qodobkiisa koowaad uu caddeeyay madax-bannaanida; saraakiishu waxay sheegeen in 97 boqolkiiba ay haa dhaheen ([Golaha Ammaanka QM, S/2001/963, faqradaha 18–19](https://documents.un.org/api/symbol/access?s=S/2001/963&l=en&t=pdf)). Eeg [aftidii 2001](/so/history/somaliland-constitutional-referendum-2001/). - **2003.** Doorashadii madaxtooyada ee ugu horreysay ee dastuurka hoostiisa. Eeg [doorashadii madaxtooyada 2003](/so/history/somaliland-presidential-election-2003/). - **2005.** Doorashadii ugu horreysay ee Golaha Wakiilada. Eeg [doorashadii baarlamaanka 2005](/so/history/somaliland-parliamentary-election-2005/). - **29 Oktoobar 2008.** Qaraxyo is-miidaamin ah oo ka dhacay Hargeysa iyo Boosaaso (Bosaso). Eeg [qaraxyadii Hargeysa iyo Boosaaso](/so/history/hargeisa-bosaso-bombings-2008/). - **2010.** Mucaaradku wuxuu ku guulaystay madaxtooyada, xukunkuna wuu is-beddelay. Eeg [doorashadii madaxtooyada 2010](/so/history/somaliland-presidential-election-2010/). ## 2012 ilaa hadda - **2017.** Doorashada madaxtooyada. Eeg [doorashadii madaxtooyada 2017](/so/history/somaliland-presidential-election-2017/). - **2021.** Doorashooyinka baarlamaanka iyo golaha deegaanka, kuwii ugu horreeyay ee baarlamaanka tan iyo 2005. Eeg [doorashooyinkii 2021](/so/history/somaliland-parliamentary-election-2021/). - **2023.** Bulshooyinka Dhulbahante ee Laascaanood (Las Anod) iyo Sool waxay diideen xukunka Hargeysa waxayna ku biireen federaalka, markii dambena waxay noqdeen Waqooyi Bari (North Eastern State). Eeg [Waqooyi Bari](/so/states/north-eastern-state/). - **13 Nofembar 2024.** Musharraxa mucaaradka, Cabdiraxmaan Maxamed Cabdullaahi "Cirro" (Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi "Irro"), ayaa ku guulaystay doorashada madaxtooyada. Eeg [doorashadii madaxtooyada 2024](/so/history/somaliland-presidential-election-2024/). Aqoonsiga iyo khilaafka dowladda federaalka, eeg [Soomaaliya iyo Somaliland, 1991 ilaa 2026](/so/states/somaliland-1991-to-2026/). ## Yaa dhibaatadu gaartay? - **Dadka rayidka ah ee Isaaq ee waqooyi-galbeedka,** oo ciidamada dowladdu dileen oo ka barakiciyeen guryahooda 1988–1989 (Gersony, 1989). - **Dadka Sool iyo Laascaanood,** dagaalkii 2023. Eeg [Waqooyi Bari](/so/states/north-eastern-state/). ## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin - **Taariikhda ku dhawaaqiddii 1991.** Library of Congress waxay bixisaa 17 Maajo 1991. Somaliland waxay xustaa 18 Maajo. - **Waxa 1991 ka dhigan tahay.** Dowladda Somaliland waxay qabtaa inay soo celisay xorriyaddii 26 Juun 1960. Dowladda federaalku waxay qabtaa in Somaliland ay weli qayb ka tahay Soomaaliya sida uu dhigayo midowgii 1960 (S/2001/963). ## Adigu akhri ilaha asalka ah - Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study* (1993): ["Politics of succession"](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/75.htm) (Siyaasadda isku xigxiga xukunka). - Robert Gersony, *Why Somalis Flee* (Sababta Soomaalidu u qaxdo), Wasaaradda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, Agoosto 1989: [PDF](https://cja.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Gersony-Why-Somalis-Flee-Aug-1989.pdf). - Xoghayaha Guud ee QM, warbixin ku saabsan Soomaaliya, S/2001/963 (11 Oktoobar 2001): [PDF](https://documents.un.org/api/symbol/access?s=S/2001/963&l=en&t=pdf). - Axmed Yuusuf Faarax (Ahmed Yusuf Farah) iyo I. M. Lewis, *Making Peace in Somaliland* (Nabad-dhisidda Somaliland) (1997): [PDF](https://arcadia.sba.uniroma3.it/bitstream/2307/3215/1/Making%20peace%20in%20Somaliland.pdf).