# Burburkii Muqdisho, Diseembar 1990 ilaa Janaayo 1991

> Sida Siyaad Barre Muqdisho uga lumay: horumarkii USC, dagaalkii ka bilaabmay 30 Diseembar 1990, madfaca, daad-gureynta safaaradaha, cararkiisii Janaayo 1991 iyo dilalkii ka dambeeyay.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/fall-of-mogadishu-1991/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/fall-of-mogadishu-1991/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Kooban

Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka ayaa qortay: "Xukunkii 21-ka sano ahaa ee Maxamed Siyaad Barre wuxuu dhammaaday Janaayo 1991, markii Siyaad uu ka cararay kacdoon ka dhacay caasimadda, Muqdisho" (tarjumaad) ([Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, *Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1991*: Somalia](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/241504)).

Africa Watch iyo Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) waxay qoreen in USC ay "door udub-dhexaad ah ka qaadatay weerarkii ugu dambeeyay ee Muqdisho Diseembar 1990, maadaama ay taageero ka heli kartay beesha Hawiye, oo ah inta ugu badan ee dadka ku nool Muqdisho iyo agagaarkeeda" (tarjumaad). "Kacdoonku wuxuu Siyaad Barre ku qasbay inuu carro 26 Janaayo 1991" (tarjumaad) ([Africa Watch iyo PHR, *No Mercy in Mogadishu*, Maarso 1992](https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/somalia/)).

Jabhadihii hubaysnaa, eeg [jabhadihii hubaysnaa, 1978–1991](/so/history/armed-movements-1978-1991/). Dagaalka oo dhan, eeg [dagaalkii sokeeye ee Soomaaliya](/so/history/somali-civil-war/).

## U socodkii caasimadda, 1990

Waxaa laga soo xigtay daraasad 1991 uu sameeyay Xarunta Falanqaynta Badda ee Mareykanka (Center for Naval Analyses, CNA) ([CNA, *Eastern Exit*, 1991, bb. 6–8](https://www.cna.org/reports/1991/2791021100.pdf)):

- **Saddex saf.** Dabayaaqadii 1990 kooxaha mucaaradka ee ugu waaweynaa waxay ahaayeen SNM oo waqooyiga joogtay, SPM oo koonfurta joogtay, iyo USC, oo "inta badan ka timid qabiilka Hawiye" (tarjumaad), oo "dagaal bilowday bartamihii 1990" (tarjumaad). Eeg [United Somali Congress](/en/institutions/united-somali-congress/).
- **Oktoobar 1990.** SNM waxay xoojisay weerarradeeda, USC-na waxay weerar ka bilowday bartamaha Soomaaliya, "kaas oo si dhakhso ah guul uga gaaray ciidamada dowladda" (tarjumaad).
- **Diseembar 1990.** Ciidamada USC waxay ahaayeen "30 mayl gudahood Muqdisho" (tarjumaad). Wadahadal loo qorsheeyay 11–13 Diseembar oo Qaahira lagu qaban lahaa wuu "burburay" (tarjumaad), maxaa yeelay saddexda jabhadood midna kama qayb gelin.
- **Magaalada.** Dabayaaqadii Nofembar waxaa jiray "burcadnimo sii korortay gudaha Muqdisho" (tarjumaad). Ajaanibtu habeenkii guryahooda ayay ku xirnaan jireen, QM-na waxay Diseembar daad-gureysay ku dhawaad dhammaan 300-ka shaqaale ee ay lahayd.

## Dagaalkii, laga bilaabo 30 Diseembar 1990

- **Bilowgii.** "30 Diseembar, dagaal ayaa Muqdisho ka qarxay, iyadoo ciidamada dowladdu adeegsanayeen hub kasta oo gacanta ugu jiray si ay u burburiyaan joogitaanka USC ee sii kordhayay ee caasimadda" (tarjumaad) ([CNA, b. 8](https://www.cna.org/reports/1991/2791021100.pdf)).
- **Madfaca.** "Ciidamada dowladda, oo inta badan ka tirsanaa qabiilka Mareexaan, ayaa la sheegay inay kala soocayeen dadka ka tirsan qabiilka Hawiye ee taageeray USC, oo ay si aan kala sooc lahayn madfac ugu garaaceen xaafadaha Muqdisho ee ay inta badan Hawiye deggan yihiin" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas). Waaxda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay qortay: "Siyaad Barre wuxuu Muqdisho ku garaacay madfaca goobta, isagoo khasaare culus u geystay beelaha uu u arkayay cadow. Mid ka mid ah taageerayaasha Siyaad ayaa qaybiyay waraaqo ku baaqaya dagaal lagu baabi'inayo beelaha aan Daarood ahayn" (tarjumaad) ([Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda, 1991](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/241504)).
- **Naxariis la'aan.** "Kacdoonka Muqdisho kuma naxariisan ciidamada Siyaad; xubnaha ilaalada madaxtooyada ee 'Koofiyad Cas' (Red Hat) ee la nacayay waxaa lagaga tagay meeshii ay ku dhinteen iyagoon la aasin" (tarjumaad) (isla ishaas).
- **Doorka jabhadaha.** Maktabadda Koongareeska Mareykanku (Library of Congress) waxay diiwaangelisay in dagaalyahannada Abgaal ee USC ay "ku dhuunteen Muqdisho, oo dadkeedu qiyaastii 80 boqolkiiba ahaayeen Hawiye, oo ay si guul leh ugu dagaallameen iyagoon helin kaalmada SNM, SPM ama garabka Habargidir ee USC" (tarjumaad) ([Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study*](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/74.htm)).

## Daad-gureyntii safaaradaha, Janaayo 1991

Waxaa laga soo xigtay daraasadda CNA ([CNA](https://www.cna.org/reports/1991/2791021100.pdf)):

- **2 Janaayo.** Safiirka Mareykanka James K. Bishop wuxuu codsaday kaalmo militari oo daad-gureyn ah. Maraakiibta USS *Guam* iyo USS *Trenton* ayaa habeenkaas dhoofay.
- **4 Janaayo.** Rasaas ayaa dhex martay shaqaalaha safaaradda iyo boobayaal. Isku daygii Talyaaniga iyo Midowga Soofiyeetiga ee ahaa in hawada laga daad-gureeyo ma suurtagelin.
- **5–6 Janaayo.** Helikobtarro ayaa safaaradda geeyay ciidan ka kooban 60 nin, waxayna ka saareen "281 qof oo ka kala yimid 30 dal (oo ay ku jiraan 8 safiir iyo 39 muwaadin Soofiyeet ah)" (tarjumaad). Dadka la daad-gureeyay waxaa la dejiyay Muscat, Cumaan (Oman), 11 Janaayo.

Waaxda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay xustay in dhammaadkii 1991 "safaaradaha shisheeye laga daad-gureeyay Janaayo, inta badankoodna, oo ay ku jirto tan Mareykanka, ay weli bannaan yihiin" (tarjumaad).

## Cararkii Siyaad Barre iyo dowladdii cusbayd

- **26 Janaayo 1991.** Siyaad Barre wuxuu ka cararay caasimadda (Africa Watch iyo PHR). Isaga iyo taageerayaashiisu waxay "isu soo urureen oo sameeyeen koox kale oo ku taal koonfur-galbeedka Soomaaliya, oo ah dhulka ay degto beesha Mareexaan ee Siyaad" (tarjumaad) (Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda).
- **29 Janaayo.** "Saddex maalmood oo keliya kadib, isagoon la tashan jabhadaha hubaysan, ama xitaa garabyada kale ee USC, Cali Mahdi, oo ahaa ganacsade xubin ka ah USC, ayaa isku magacaabay Madaxweyne ku-meel-gaar ah. Jeneraal Maxamed Faarax Caydiid, oo hoggaaminayay garab kale oo USC ah, ayaa diiday" (tarjumaad) ([Africa Watch iyo PHR](https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/somalia/)). Eeg [Cali Mahdi Maxamed](/en/people/ali-mahdi-muhammad/) iyo [Maxamed Faarax Caydiid](/so/people/mohamed-farrah-aidid/).
- **Aqoonsiga.** Waaxda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay qortay in USC ay "ku dhawaaqday dowlad ku-meel-gaar ah oo aanay jabhadaha kale midna aqoonsan" (tarjumaad).
- **Wixii xigay.** "17 Nofembar 1991, ciidamada Jeneraal Caydiid... waxay weerar buuxa ku qaadeen goobaha Madaxweyne Mahdi" (tarjumaad) (Africa Watch iyo PHR). Eeg [burburkii, 1991–2000](/en/history/collapse-1991-2000/).

## Dilalkii ka dambeeyay burburka

Waxaa laga soo xigtay warbixinta Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda ee 1991 ([Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/241504)):

- **Muqdisho.** "Kooxo Hawiye ah oo hubaysan ayaa bilaabay inay weeraraan xaafadaha Daarood ee Muqdisho. Waxaa jira warar la isku halleyn karo oo sheegaya in boqollaal qof oo aan iska caabin, oo badankood Daarood ahaayeen balse Hawiye-na ku jireen, lagu dilay rabshado qowmiyadeed." (tarjumaad)
- **Carar.** "Tirada dadka Muqdisho waxay hoos ugu dhacday kala bar ama ka badan, markii boqollaal kun oo Daarood ah iyo inta u dhexeysa 7,000 ilaa 15,000 oo Isaaq ah ay ka carareen dilka." (tarjumaad)
- **Baraawe (Brava).** Maleeshiyaadka USC waxay Baraawe galeen 10 Febraayo 1991. Muddo 36 maalmood ah oo ay haysteen, waxaa la sheegay inay "toogteen ilaa 120 qof oo reer Baraawe ah" (tarjumaad), gabdhona way kufsadeen; gabdhihii la qaaday "weli waa la la'yahay" (tarjumaad).
- **Gaalkacyo (Galkayo).** Ururo Daarood ah oo Mareykanka jooga ayaa qiyaasay in "500 shacab ah la dilay, 1,000 la dhaawacay, 200-na la afduubay" (tarjumaad) weerar USC ay qaadday Febraayo. Waaxda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay qortay in "tirooyinka laga yaabo in la buunbuuniyay" (tarjumaad) balse "eedeyntu u muuqato inay xaqiiq ku dhisan tahay" (tarjumaad).

## Yaa dhibaatadu gaartay?

- **Dadka Hawiye ee Muqdisho,** oo ay ku dhacday madfaca dowladda laga bilaabo 30 Diseembar 1990 (CNA; Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda).
- **Dadka Daarood ee Muqdisho,** oo xaafadahooda lagu weeraray kadib markii dowladdu dhacday; boqollaal ayaa la dilay, boqollaal kunna way carareen (Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda).
- **Dadka Isaaq,** oo inta u dhexeysa 7,000 ilaa 15,000 ay magaalada ka carareen (Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda).
- **Dadka Baraawe,** oo ay ku jiraan gabdhihii la qaaday, iyo dadka Gaalkacyo (Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda).

## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin

- **Taariikhda uu Siyaad Barre baxay.** Africa Watch waxay sheegtay 26 Janaayo 1991. Waaxda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay sheegtay oo keliya "Janaayo 1991" (tarjumaad).
- **Tirada dhimashada.** Ilaha halkan lagu xiray midna ma bixiyo wadarta dagaalkii Diseembar 1990 ilaa Janaayo 1991. Waaxda Arrimaha Dibaddu waxay ka hadashay "kumanaan khasaare ah" (tarjumaad).
- **Cidda Muqdisho qabsatay.** Maktabadda Koongareesku waxay guusha siisay garabka Abgaal ee USC oo keligiis dagaallamay. CNA waxay ku tilmaantay USC oo dhan oo ka soo socotay bartamaha Soomaaliya.

## Akhri ilaha asalka ah

- Waaxda Arrimaha Dibadda Mareykanka, *Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1991*: Somalia: [qoraalka](https://www.ecoi.net/en/document/241504).
- Africa Watch iyo Physicians for Human Rights, *No Mercy in Mogadishu* (26 Maarso 1992): [qoraalka](https://www.hrw.org/reports/1992/somalia/).
- Adam B. Siegel, *Eastern Exit: The Noncombatant Evacuation Operation (NEO) from Mogadishu, Somalia, in January 1991*, Center for Naval Analyses, CRM 91-211 (Oktoobar 1991): [PDF](https://www.cna.org/reports/1991/2791021100.pdf).
- Library of Congress, *Somalia: A Country Study* (1993), "Politics of reconciliation": [qoraalka](https://countrystudies.us/somalia/74.htm).