# Dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiishta, 1899–1920

> Dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiishta, 1899–1920, sida ay diiwaannada Ingiriiska, Talyaaniga iyo ilaha Soomaaliyeed u qoreen: dagaallada, heshiiskii Illig 1905, Taleex iyo dhammaadkii 1920.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/dervish-movement-1899-1920/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/dervish-movement-1899-1920/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Kooban

Daraawiishtu (Daraawiish, oo ka timid erayga Carabiga ee xerta suufiyada) waxay ahaayeen xertii [Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan](/so/people/sayid-maxamed-cabdulle-xasan/). In ka badan labaatan sano waxay iska celiyeen saddex boqortooyo: Ingiriiska, Talyaaniga iyo Itoobiya. Xafiiska Dagaalka Ingiriisku wuxuu qoray taariikh laba mug ah oo ku saabsan duullaannadiisii, aqoonyahanka Soomaaliyeed Jaamac Cumar Ciisena wuxuu Af-Soomaali ku ururiyay taariikhdooda iyo gabayadooda ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog); [Jaamac Cumar Ciise, *Diiwaanka Gabayadii Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan*, Akademiyaha Dhaqanka, Muqdisho, 1974](https://archive.org/details/diiwaanka-gabayadii-sayid-maxamad-cabdulle-xasan)). Boggani wuxuu ka soo dheegtay labadaba.

## Sidee buu dhaqdhaqaaqu ku bilaabmay?

Sayidku wuxuu Maka kaga soo laabtay Berbera 1895, wuxuuna bilaabay inuu wax dhigo. Jaamac Cumar Ciise wuxuu diiwaangeliyay inuu xaruntii ugu horreysay ee Daraawiishta ka sameeyay ceelka Qoryaweyn, ilaa 60 mayl Burco u jira ([Jaamac Cumar Ciise 1974, b. vii](https://archive.org/details/diiwaanka-gabayadii-sayid-maxamad-cabdulle-xasan)).

Daraawiishtii ugu horreysay waxay ka kala yimaadeen bulshooyin dhowr ah hal mar, Nugaal, Hawd iyo Ogaadeenya. Xafiiska Dagaalka Ingiriisku wuxuu sheegay in Sayidku si gaar ah isugu dayay inuu jebiyo daacadnimada qabiilka, isagoo awooddiisa ka sarraysiiyay tan odayaasha beelaha ([War Office 1907, b. 49](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)).

Agoosto 1899 ciidankiisu wuxuu galay Burco. Ingiriisku wuxuu ku qiyaasay 5,000 nin, oo 1,500 fardooley ah iyo 200 qori ([War Office 1907, b. 49](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)).

1 Sebtembar 1899 wuxuu Ingiriiska u diray warqad Carabi ah. Sarkaalkii Ingiriiska Douglas Jardine ayaa tarjumaaddeeda daabacay ([Jardine, *The Mad Mullah of Somaliland*, 1923, b. 43](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Warqaddu (tarjumaad): Waxaad dulmiseen diinteenna qadiimiga ah sabab la'aan… Haddaad dagaal doonaysaan, waan aqbalnay; laakiin haddaad nabad doonaysaan, bixiya ganaaxa.

Qunsulka Guud ee Ingiriisku wuxuu markaas ku dhawaaqay inuu yahay fallaago. Dowladda Ingiriisku waxay dib u dhigtay duullaan dagaalkii Koonfur Afrika awgiis ([Jardine 1923, b. 43](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

## 41 dagaal

Jaamac Cumar Ciise wuxuu tiriyay 41 dagaal oo la diiwaangeliyay oo Daraawiishta iyo Ingiriiska dhexmaray. Wuxuu taxay kuwa ugu waaweyn, iyadoo taariikhuhu yihiin sida uu u bixiyay ([Jaamac Cumar Ciise 1974, b. ix](https://archive.org/details/diiwaanka-gabayadii-sayid-maxamad-cabdulle-xasan)):

- Afbakayle, 3 Maajo 1901
- Fardhiddin, 16 Luulyo 1901
- Beerdhiga, 10 Agoosto 1902
- Cagaarweyne, 17 Abriil 1903
- Daratoole, 18 Abriil 1903
- Jidbaale, 10 Janaayo 1904
- Ruuga (Dul Madoobe), 1913
- Dagaalkii cirka, Janaayo 1919

Nuqulka sawirka ah ee buuggiisa wuxuu taariikhaha Cagaarweyne iyo Daratoole u daabacay 1905. Diiwaanka Ingiriiska iyo habka liiskiisa laftiisu waxay dhigaan Abriil 1903, markii ciidankii Ingiriisku ku lumay Gumburu. Wuxuu kaloo qoray in Soomaalidu "laba u kala qaybsantay": qaar waxay ku biireen dhinaca gumeysiga, qaarna Daraawiishta.

## Afartii duullaan ee Ingiriiska, 1901–1904

Ingiriisku wuxuu Daraawiishta u diray afar duullaan. Xafiiska Dagaalku wuxuu qoray taariikh laba mug ah oo ku saabsan, oo si buuxda u jirta ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog); [mugga 2](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory03stafgoog)). Baarlamaanka Ingiriiska ayaa sidoo kale daabacay teleegaraamyada qunsulka iyagoo ah buug buluug ah ([*Correspondence respecting the Rising of the Mullah*, Africa No. 3, 1902](https://archive.org/details/india.history.resource.106629)).

- **1901.** Kornayl Eric Swayne wuxuu hoggaaminayay ciidan Soomaali ah oo la qoray. Dagaallo Samala iyo Ferdiddin ayaa ku dhammaaday in ciidanku dib ugu laabto Burco ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)).
- **6 Oktoobar 1902, Erigo.** Duullaankii labaad wuxuu Daraawiishta kula kulmay duur cufan oo u dhow Mudug. Dagaalku wuu adkaa, ciidankuna wuxuu dib ugu gurtay Bohotle ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)).
- **17 Abriil 1903, Gumburu.** Koox Ingiriis ah oo uu hoggaaminayay Kornayl Plunkett ayaa la tirtiray. Xafiiska Dagaalku wuxuu diiwaangeliyay in "saraakiishii oo dhan la dilay" iyo in meydadka Daraawiishtu ay "taallo taallo ugu jiifeen afaafka safka" ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)).
- **10 Janaayo 1904, Jidbaale.** Duullaankii afraad ee Jeneraal Egerton wuxuu la kulmay 6,000 ilaa 8,000 Daraawiish ah. Ingiriisku wuxuu tiriyay 668 meyd oo u dhow goobta laba maalmood kadib ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)).
- **21 Abriil 1904, Illig.** Ciidamo Ingiriis iyo Hindi ah ayaa badda ka soo degay oo qabsaday saldhigga xeebta ee Daraawiishta ee Illig ([Jardine 1923, cut. V](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

## "Waxaan doonayaa inaan dalkayga xukumo"

1903, intii duullaankii saddexaad socday, Sayidku wuxuu warqad u qoray "dadka Ingiriiska". Jardine wuxuu daabacay tarjumaaddeeda ([Jardine 1923, b. 122](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Warqaddu (tarjumaad): Sannad ayaan dagaallamaynay. Waxaan doonayaa inaan dalkayga xukumo oo diintayda ilaaliyo… Xeradayda waan raray, laakiin ma aanan carar.

Jardine laftiisu, isagoo wax u qoraya sidii sarkaal Ingiriis ah, wuxuu qirtay in Sayidku "weligiis ku noolaan doono sidii halyey qaran" quluubta dadkiisa ([Jardine 1923, b. 308](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

## Heshiiskii Illig ee 1905: dowlad heshiisyo saxiixda

5 Maarso 1905 Sayidku wuxuu Illig kula saxiixday heshiis qoran ergaygii Talyaaniga, Giulio Pestalozza. Jardine wuxuu daabacay qoraalka oo dhan, oo laga tarjumay Carabiga ([Jardine 1923, bb. 156–159](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Shuruudihiisa ugu muhiimsan waxay ahaayeen:

- Nabad u dhexeysa Daraawiishta Sayidka iyo Talyaaniga, Ingiriiska iyo Itoobiya, iyadoo Talyaanigu dammaanad qaadayo.
- Deegaan Daraawiishta loogu talagalay xeebta u dhexeysa Raas Garad iyo Raas Gabbe, calanka Talyaaniga hoostiisa.
- In Sayidku bulshooyinka la jira ee gudaha u xukumo "caddaalad iyo sinnaan", waddooyinkana nabad ka dhigo.
- Mamnuucidda soo dejinta hubka iyo ganacsiga addoonsiga.
- Xuquuqda daaqa xoolaha Daraawiishta ee Nugaal, gudaha ceelal la magacaabay.

Heshiisku waa diiwaanka ugu cad ee muujinaya in quwado shisheeye ula macaamileen dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiishta sidii dowlad. Qoraalka la saxiixay wuxuu ku taariikhaysan yahay 5 Maarso, halka sadarka ugu dambeeya uu bixiyo 8 Maarso 1905, oo u dhiganta 28 Dul Xijja 1322 ([Jardine 1923, b. 158](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

## Taleex: caasimad dhagax lagu dhisay

Janaayo 1913 Sayidku wuxuu xaruntiisa u raray Taleex, oo ku taal gobolka Sool ee maanta. Dhagax-dhisayaal Yamani ah ayaa dhisay deyr ay ku jiraan saddex iyo toban qalcadood iyo saddex qalcadood oo dhaadheer oo daboolaya ([Jardine 1923, bb. 212–213](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

Jardine wuxuu diiwaangeliyay derbiyo salkooda 12 ilaa 14 fuudh ka ballaaran iyo qalcado daboolaya oo 50 ilaa 60 fuudh dherer ah. Gudaha waxaa ku jiray ceelal iyo bakaaro dhagax ah, oo laga buuxiyay masago ka timid beerihii Daraawiishta ee Gaolo, toban mayl u jirta. Jardine wuxuu qalcadda ku tilmaamay "caddayn la yaab leh oo ku saabsan hibada militari ee Mullaha".

Ingiriisku wuxuu horay ciidamadiisa dib ugu celiyay xeebta 1910 ([Jardine 1923, cut. VI](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

## Dul Madoobe, 9 Agoosto 1913

Ciidan geel-fuul Soomaaliyeed oo 109 nin ah oo Ingiriisku hoggaaminayo ayaa Burco ka ambabaxay iyagoo uu hoggaaminayo Richard Corfield (Koofil). Dul Madoobe waxay kula kulmeen ilaa 2,000 Daraawiish ah oo qoryo sita ([Jardine 1923, cut. VII, bb. 220–226](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

Corfield waxaa la dilay ilaa 7.15 subaxnimo. Soddon iyo shan ka mid ah ciidanka ayaa la dilay, toddoba iyo tobanna si xun ayaa loo dhaawacay. Jardine wuxuu diiwaangeliyay 395 meyd oo Daraawiish ah oo goobta lagu tiriyay.

## Dhammaadkii, 1920

Janaayo 1920 Ingiriisku wuxuu soo diray koox diyaarado DH.9 ah, Unugga "Z" ee Ciidanka Cirka. Siddeed diyaaradood ayaa gaaray safka hore 19 Janaayo, lixna waxay duuleen weerarkii ugu horreeyay 21 Janaayo 1920 ([Jardine 1923, bb. 262–266](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Ciidanka Geel-fuulka iyo ciidan Soomaali ah oo 1,500 nin ah ayaa dhulka ka raacay.

9 Febraayo 1920 Sayidku wuxuu ka baxay albaabka waqooyi ee Taleex isagoo wata toddobaatan ilaa siddeetan fardooley ah. Ciidankii la qoray ayaa qalcadda qabsaday fiidkii ([Jardine 1923, bb. 274–275](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)).

Sayidku wuxuu u gudbay dhul Itoobiya xukunto isagoo wata saddex ama afar boqol oo xer ah. Waxay dhiseen saddex iyo toban qalcadood oo ku yaal Guano Imi, u dhow madaxa Webiga Shabeelle, Oktoobar 1920 ([Jardine 1923, b. 307](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Cudur, "malaha hargab", iyo gaajo ayaa ku dhacay xerada, wuxuuna dhintay lix maalmood oo jirro ah kadib.

## Ilaha way kala duwan yihiin

- **Taariikhda geeridiisa.** Jardine, sarkaalkii Ingiriiska, wuxuu bixiyaa 23 Nofembar 1920 ([Jardine 1923, b. 307](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Jaamac Cumar Ciise wuxuu bixiyaa 1921, Imey ee Shabeellaha sare ([Jaamac Cumar Ciise 1974, b. xii](https://archive.org/details/diiwaanka-gabayadii-sayid-maxamad-cabdulle-xasan)), sidoo kale Maktabadda Koongareesku ([Library of Congress](http://countrystudies.us/somalia/10.htm)).
- **Magaca.** Qorayaasha Ingiriisku waxay ugu yeereen "the Mad Mullah". Soomaalidu waxay ugu yeeraan Sayid Maxamed, ama "Sayidka". Calankii waxay adeegsataa magaciisa iyo darajadiisa.
- **Dagaalkii cirka.** Jaamac Cumar Ciise wuxuu weerarradii cirka ee ugu horreeyay ku taariikheeyaa Janaayo 1919; Jardine, oo xilligaas ka tirsanaa dowladda gumeysiga, wuxuu ku taariikheeyaa Janaayo 1920 ([Jaamac Cumar Ciise 1974, b. x](https://archive.org/details/diiwaanka-gabayadii-sayid-maxamad-cabdulle-xasan); [Jardine 1923, b. 266](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Jardine wuxuu ahaa Xoghayaha maamulka Somaliland 1916 ilaa 1921.
- **Cidda taageertay.** Diiwaannada Ingiriisku waxay muujinayaan in Soomaali badan ay la dagaallameen Daraawiishta, iyagoo ku jira ciidamo la qoray iyo booliska ([War Office 1907](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog)). Taariikhyahan Robert Hess wuxuu diiwaangeliyay in Soomaali badan ay ka soo horjeedeen sababo diimeed iyagoo weli u naxariisanaya iska-caabinta ([Hess, *Journal of African History*, 1964](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/mad-mullah-and-northern-somalia/64A47DB9294A878A7FC8A0AA00589029)).

## Sida taariikhyahannadu u akhriyaan dhaqdhaqaaqa

Inta badan waxa aan ognahay waxay ka yimaadeen kuwii ka soo horjeeday. Jardine, sarkaal Ingiriis ah, wuxuu ugu yeeray "khaa'in dhammaystiran" isla cutubka uu ugu magacaabay halyey qaran ([Jardine 1923, b. 308](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland)). Calankii waxay diiwaannadan u akhridaa xaqiiqooyinkooda iyo taariikhahooda, ee ma aha go'aamadooda.

Taariikhyahanka Soomaaliyeed Saciid S. Samatar wuxuu Sayidka ku bartay gabayadiisa. Samatar wuxuu muujiyay sida Sayidku u adeegsaday gabayga afka ah si uu u dhiso una hayo dhaqdhaqaaq bulsho aan weli afkeeda qorin dhexdeeda ([Samatar, *Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism*, Cambridge University Press, 1982](https://catalogo.abie.es/Record/unav.b39731091)). Hess wuxuu ugu yeeray "horseedka waddaninimada casriga ah ee Soomaaliyeed" ([Hess 1964](https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-african-history/article/mad-mullah-and-northern-somalia/64A47DB9294A878A7FC8A0AA00589029)).

## Akhri ilaha asalka ah

- War Office, *Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901–04*, 1907: [mugga 1](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory02stafgoog), [mugga 2](https://archive.org/details/officialhistory03stafgoog).
- *Correspondence respecting the Rising of the Mullah Muhammed Abdullah in Somaliland*, Africa No. 3, 1902: [qoraalka oo dhan](https://archive.org/details/india.history.resource.106629).
- Douglas Jardine, *The Mad Mullah of Somaliland*, 1923, oo ay ku jiraan warqadaha Sayidka iyo heshiiskii Illig: [qoraalka oo dhan](https://archive.org/details/TheMadMullahOfSomaliland).
- Jaamac Cumar Ciise, *Diiwaanka Gabayadii Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan*, Muqdisho, 1974, Af-Soomaali, oo ay ku jiraan taariikhda Daraawiishta iyo 120 gabay: [qoraalka oo dhan](https://archive.org/details/diiwaanka-gabayadii-sayid-maxamad-cabdulle-xasan).