# Dakar, caasimaddii lumay ee Barr Sacad ad-Diin (Cadal), 1415–1520

> Waxa laga og yahay Dakar, caasimaddii suldaannada Walashma kadib markii ay ka tageen Ifat: ilaha magaceeda sheegay, weerarkii 1480, u guuritaankii Harar 1520, saddexda goobood ee la soo jeediyay (Dakar Gobana, Fiyambiro, Ch'ina Hasen), iyo burburka Derbiga iyo Nur Abdoche, sida uu qabo Chekroun 2015.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/dakar-lost-capital-of-adal-1415-1520/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/dakar-lost-capital-of-adal-1415-1520/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Si kooban

Kadib dagaallo lala galay boqortooyadii Masiixiga horraantii qarnigii 15aad, suldaannadii Walashma, oo xukumi jiray Ifat, waxay u guureen bari, dhulka u dhexeeya Harar iyo xadka Soomaaliyeed ee maanta. Qiyaastii qarni caasimaddoodu waxay ahayd magaalo la oran jiray Dakar. 1520 suldaanku wuxuu u guuray Harar, Dakarna waa la illaaway. Goobteeda weli lama yaqaan. Boggani wuxuu raacayaa taariikhyahanadda Faransiiska ah Amélie Chekroun, "Dakar, capitale du sultanat éthiopien du Barr Saʿd ad-dīn (1415–1520)" (Dakar, caasimaddii saldanadda Itoobiya ee Barr Sacad ad-Diin), *Cahiers d'études africaines* 219 (2015): 569–586 ([OpenEdition](https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/18225)), oo lagu xigtay faqrado (§).

## U guuritaankii bari

- **Ka timid Ifat.** Sida uu qoray al-Maqriizi (al-Maqrizi), magaalada Ifat waa laga tagay xilligii Suldaan Xaqq ad-Diin II (Haqq ad-Din II, xukumay 1376–1386), oo u guuray Wahal oo ku taal Shewa. Kadib dhimashadii Sacad ad-Diin (Saʿd ad-Din, xukumay qiyaastii 1386; maqaalka Chekroun ee 2015 wuxuu dhammaadka xukunkiisa ku sheegay 1415, halka maqaalkeeda 2022 ee Harar uu dhimashadiisa Saylac (Zeila) ku sheegay 1408 ama 1409), wiilashiisii waxay magangal u aadeen Jasiiradda Carabta. Markii uu soo laabtay, wiilkiisa Sabr ad-Diin (Sabr ad-Din) wuxuu xarunta awoodda u raray bari, gobolkii hore ee "Cadal" (§3–5). Xilligii ka horreeyay, eeg [Saldanaddii Shewa iyo aasaaskii Ifat](/en/history/sultanate-of-shewa-and-founding-of-ifat/).
- **Magaca dhulka.** Chekroun waxay qortay in qorayaashii Muslimka ahaa ee gobolka aysan waligood dalkooda ugu yeerin "Cadal". Waxay ugu yeeraan *Barr Sacad ad-Diin*, "dhulka Sacad ad-Diin". "Cadal" waa magaca ay adeegsadaan ilaha Itoobiyaanka Masiixiga ah (§9).

## Ilaha magaca Dakar sheegay

- **Al-Maqriizi.** Buuggiisa *Kitāb al-Ilmām*, oo uu dhammeeyay 1438, kana sameeyay waraysiyo uu la yeeshay Muslimiin Itoobiyaan ah oo Makka joogay 1435–1436, wuxuu sheegayaa in Suldaan Badlay (xukumay 1433–1445) caasimaddiisu ahayd Dakar (§4, §7).
- **Taariikhda Boqor Eskender.** Waxay Dakar ku sheegtaa magaalada ugu weyn ee dhulka Cadal, waxayna sheegtaa in boqorku halkaas ku burburiyay "dhammaan guryaha iyo macbadyada" (tarjumaad) sannadkii labaad ee xukunkiisa. Chekroun waxay weerarka ku taariikhaysay 1480, xilligii Suldaan Shams ad-Diin (Shams ad-Din, xukumay 1472–1487) (§8).
- ***Futūḥ al-Ḥabasha*,** oo la qoray bartamihii qarnigii 16aad, wuxuu sheegayaa in suldaannadu Dakar degganaayeen ugu yaraan ilaa Suldaan Maxamed (Muhammad, xukumay 1488 ilaa horraantii 1500-meeyadii), iyo in Dakar aysan Harar ka fogayn (§8, §12). Eeg [Futuux al-Xabasha](/so/history/futuh-al-habasha/).
- **Laba taariikhood oo Harar ah,** *Taariikhda Walashma* iyo *Tārīkh al-mulūk*, waxay sheegaan in Dakar caasimad ahayd ilaa 1520 (§8).

## U guuritaankii Harar, 1520

Labada taariikhood ee Harar waxay u guuritaankii Dakar ilaa Harar ku taariikhaysaan bisha Shacbaan 926 Hijriyada, Luulyo–Agoosto 1520. *Taariikhda Walashma*, oo u janjeerta suldaannada, waxay mahadda siisaa Suldaan Abuu Bakar ibn Maxamed (Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad), oo raray dadka iyo ciidanka. *Tārīkh al-mulūk*, oo u janjeerta mucaaradkoodii, waxay mahadda siisaa isaga iyo *garaad* Abuun (Abun). *Futūḥ*-na wuxuu Harar u arkaa caasimad xilligii Imaam Axmed (§10). Dagaalladii Imaamka, eeg [Imaam Axmed iyo Cadal, 1527–1543](/so/history/imam-ahmad-and-adal-1527-1543/).

Chekroun waxay qortay in sababta guuritaanka aan la garanayn. Waxay suurtagal tahay inay ka tarjumayso loollankii dhacay kadib dhimashadii Suldaan Maxamed (inta u dhaxaysa 1517 iyo 1519). Waxay xustay in taariikh kastaa ay sheekadeeda u habaysay si ay dhinaceeda ugu habboonaato (§11, §31).

## Sababta Dakar loo illaaway

Liisaska amiirrada Harar waxay magaalada asalkeeda ku celiyaan qarnigii 10aad ama 12aad iyo Sheekh Abaadir (Sheikh Abadir) oo khuraafaad ah, waxayna taariikhda Harar ku daraan dhammaan taliyayaashii Muslimka ahaa ee bariga. Chekroun waxay qortay in Harar ay xarun u ahayd suldaannada oo keliya laga soo bilaabo horraantii qarnigii 16aad, iyo in aqoonsiga Harari, oo qaabaystay kadib markii Oromadu yimaadeen dabayaaqadii qarnigii 16aad, mar kalena kadib markii Menelik II magaalada qabsaday dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad, uu daboolay xusuusta Dakar (§1).

## Saddex goobood oo la soo jeediyay

1. **Dakar Gobana,** tuulo 3 km u jirta Harar, waddada Jigjiga. Socotooyin dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad ayaa halkaas ku arkay burbur. Dhaqanka afka ee deegaanka ee Harari, Oromo, Amxaar iyo Soomaali wuxuu sheegaa in Sheekh Abaadir markii hore halkaas degay ka hor inta uusan biyaha darteed u guurin Harar. Sheekada Carabiga ah ee qarnigii 19aad ee Abaadir waxay Dakar ku tilmaantaa tuulo 1234–1235. Chekroun ma aysan helin burburka 2014, dadka deggana xusuus kama haynin (§13, §17).
2. **Fiyambiro,** cagta Buurta Kundudo, qiyaastii 20 km waqooyi-bari ka xigta Harar. Enrico Cerulli ayaa soo jeediyay 1931, isagoo ka qaatay qoraal hareeraha ku qornaa nuqul gacan-ku-qoran oo *Futūḥ* ah, markii dambena wuu ka shakiyay. Halkaas lagama diiwaangelin wax hadhaa qadiimi ah, taas oo Chekroun u aragto inay meesha ka saarayso (§15, §17).
3. **Ch'ina Hasen,** qiyaastii 25 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xigta Jigjiga. Aqoonyahanka Ingiriiska ah G. Huntingford ayaa soo jeediyay. Dhaqan deegaan oo uu diiwaangeliyay ayaa ku tilmaamay meeshii uu ku dhashay Imaam Axmed (§16).

Chekroun waxay kaloo xustay in sahamiyaha Faransiiska ah Antoine d'Abbadie uu qoray in Baarentuu, oo ka mid ahaa labada aabbe ee Oromada asaasay, uu qabsaday "Dakar oo ku taal Barsub-ka maanta, oo Soomaali ah" (tarjumaad). Waxay qortay in sheekadaas meel kale aan laga helin, iyo in d'Abbadie uusan sheegin il (§14).

## Burburka u dhow Ch'ina Hasen

1922 wadaadkii Kaputshiin ahaa ee Azaïs wuxuu u dhow Ch'ina Hasen ka helay saddex goobood: qalcad burburtay oo derbiyo "waaweyn oo dhagax-weyn ah" (tarjumaad; "cyclopean") leh, magaalo Muslim ah oo burburtay, iyo masjid keli ah oo burburay. 1950 Huntingford wuxuu sharraxay derbi wareeg ah oo weyn, jaranjarooyin beereed oo hore iyo qabuuro dhagax ah oo u eg dolmen oo buurta saaran. Chekroun ma aysan helin qalcadda 2009 (§18–20).

**Derbiga.** Azaïs wuxuu sharraxay Derbiga, oo saacad lug ah waqooyi-galbeed uga jirta magaalada, oo leh xeryo dhagax ah, qabuuro, burburka guryo, iyo masjid leh saddex saf oo tiirar dhagax ah. Dhaqanka deegaanku wuxuu sheegay inuu burburiyay "Gurey" (tarjumaad; "Gragn", Imaam Axmed). 2009 Chekroun waxay masjidka ka heshay isagoo dib loo dhisay, tiirarkiisana la beddelay. Waxay u dhow ka heshay dhismayaal burburay, qabri-dhismeed burburay iyo dugsi Quraan oo hore oo la filayo, iyo qabuuro ka kooban boqollaal qabri, taas oo ay u aragto calaamad degaan weyn. Laba god oo u eg godadka kaydka ee goobaha qarniyadii dhexe ee Chercher iyo Nora ee Ifat ayaa agtiisa ku yaal. Tuulooyinka dadkoodu waxay soo ururiyeen lacag qadiimi ah oo qoraal Carabi ah oo tirtirmay leh, kuul dhagax-kristaal ah, iyo qayb ka mid ah qaab dahab-tume oo u eg kuwa laga helay Harlaa (§21–25). Chekroun waxay qortay in dhismaha dhagaxa uu la mid yahay goobaha Islaamka ee qarniyadii 14aad–15aad ee Chercher iyo Ifat, iyo in goobta, oo ku taal jiirarka ugu dambeeya ee buuraha Harar oo ka sarreeya waddada u degta Saylac, ay meel fiican u tahay xakamaynta jidka safarka geedi-socodka (karawaanka). Waxay ku soo gabagabaysay in aan weli la helin caddayn u oggolaanaysa in Derbiga la aqbalo ama meesha laga saaro inay tahay Dakar, iyo inay si kastaba ahayd magaalo Islaami ah oo muhiim ah (§23, §26).

**Nur Abdoche.** Azaïs wuxuu kaloo sharraxay masjid burburay oo 15 km waqooyi-galbeed ka xiga Ch'ina Hasen, oo leh laba tiir oo wareeg ah iyo qoraal Carabi ah oo mixraabka ka sarreeya. Dib ayaa loo dhisay qiyaastii 40 sano ka hor booqashadii Chekroun. Waxay ku taariikhaysay wakhti ka dambeeya qarnigii 16aad, ma aysan helin burbur guryo, qabuuro yar oo keliya ayay heshay, waxayna meesha ka saartay inay noqon karto goobta Dakar (§27–30).

## Bogag la xiriira

- [Harla iyo Harlaa](/en/history/the-harla-and-harlaa/)
- [Reer guuraaga, magaalooyinka iyo dowladda Ifat iyo Cadal](/so/history/nomads-towns-and-the-state-ifat-adal/)
- [Magaalooyinkii burburay ee gudaha Soomaalida](/so/history/ruined-towns-of-the-somali-interior/)
- [Dowladihii qarniyadii dhexe iyo xilligii hore ee casriga, 1300-meeyadii–1700-meeyadii](/so/history/medieval-and-early-modern-polities-1300s-1700s/)
- [Masaajiddii qarniyadii dhexe ee Soomaaliland](/so/history/medieval-mosques-of-somaliland/)
- [Awfat, caasimaddii saldanadda Ifat, iyo qabuuraha Walashma](/so/history/awfat-capital-of-ifat-and-walashma-tombs/)
- [Harar waxay noqotay caasimadda Cadal, 1520–1577](/so/history/harar-capital-of-adal-1520-1577/)
- [Dhimashadii Suldaan Sacad ad-Diin ee Saylac iyo wiilashiisii Yaman](/so/history/saad-ad-din-death-at-zeila-and-sons-in-yemen/)