# 1300 ka hor: dhulkii Soomaalida ee qadiimka ahaa, laga soo bilaabo Da'dii Dhagaxa ilaa saldanadihii ugu horreeyay

> Jadwal taariikheed oo dhulka Soomaalida 1300 ka hor: Da'dii Dhagaxa, sawirrada dhagaxa, Punt, dekedaha Periplus, ganacsiga uunsiga, Islaamkii hore, Muqdisho, Saylac, Shewa iyo Ifat.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/history/ancient-somali-lands-before-1300/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/history/ancient-somali-lands-before-1300/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Kooban

1300 ka hor ma jirin dowlad Soomaaliyeed, laakiin waxaa jiray magaalooyin, waddooyin ganacsi, dekedo, taliyayaal iyo diimo Soomaaliyeed. Waxa ka haray waa afar nooc: waxyaabo dhulka ku jira (qalab, sawirro, qabuuro iyo burburka magaalooyin), waxa ay qoreen booqdayaal iyo juqraafiyahanno shisheeye (Masaari, Giriig, Roomaan, Biizantiin, Carab iyo Shiine), qoraallo dhagax yar, iyo dhaqammo afka ah oo markii dambe la qoray.

Saado Mire (Sada Mire), oo madax ka ahayd Waaxda Taariikhda Qadiimka ah ee Soomaaliland, waxay tirisay "in ka badan 200 goob, oo qaar badan oo ka mid ahi yihiin goobo isku urursan" oo laga yaqaan Soomaaliland iyo Soomaaliya, kuwaas oo wax aad u yar mooyee aan la qodin ([Mire 2015, *African Archaeological Review* 32](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)). Neville Chittick, oo hoggaaminayay qodistii xeebta waqooyi-bari 1975–76, wuxuu qoray in xabagta udgoon ay taariikhda oo dhan ahayd "badeecadda ugu weyn ee ay raadin jireen ganacsatada u imanaysay Geeska Afrika" ([Chittick 1979, *International Journal of Nautical Archaeology* 8.4, b. 273](https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/PLACES/IndOc-Gulf/Somalia-Chittick1979.pdf)).

## Jadwalka taariikhda

**Qiyaastii 29,000 ilaa 6,000 sano ka hor: ugaarsatadii Da'dii Dhagaxa.** Dadku mar kasta oo ay doonaan waxay ku soo laabtaan hoyga dhagaxa ee Guli Waabayo ee Buur Heybe, gobolka Bay. Taariikhaheedu waa "caddaynta shucaaca ee ugu horreysa ee degitaanka Da'dii Dhagaxa ee Dambe (LSA) ee koonfur-bari Geeska Afrika" ([Jones, Brandt, Henry iyo Ambrose 2021](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102844)). Bogga buuxa: [Da'dii Dhagaxa ee dhulka Soomaalida](/so/history/prehistory-stone-age-somali-lands/).

**Qiyaastii 14,000 ilaa 5,000 sano ka hor: Geesku wuu ka cagaarnaa.** Xilligii Qoyaanka Afrika (African Humid Period), markii waqooyiga iyo bariga Afrika "ay aad uga qoyaan badnaayeen kana cagaarnaayeen sida ay maanta yihiin" ([Reid et al. 2019](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109272)).

**Kun-sannadyadii 3aad iyo 2aad CH (Ciise Hortii): xoolo-dhaqatadii ugu horreysay ayaa dhagxaanta sawirta.** Lo' aan kurus lahayn oo qoorta la qurxiyay, dad gacmaha kor u taagay, eeyo, ido, riyo iyo duur-joogta, oo ku yaal Laas Geel, Dhambalin, Karin Heegan, Dhagah Kure iyo tobanaan goobood oo kale ([Gutherz, Cros iyo Lesur 2003](https://hal.science/hal-02155252/document); [Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)). Bogga buuxa: [Laas Geel iyo sawirrada dhagaxa ee Soomaalida](/so/history/laas-geel-and-somali-rock-art/).

**Laga soo bilaabo qiyaastii 2000 CH: taallooyin, dhagxaan waaweyn iyo tiirar la xardhay.** Taallooyinka xabaalaha (*araweelo*), dolmen, qabuuro qolal leh iyo tiirar dhagax ah oo la qurxiyay ayaa ku faafay waqooyiga ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)). Bogga buuxa: [Xabaalaha qadiimka ah, tiirarka dhagaxa iyo magaalooyinka](/so/history/ancient-burials-stelae-and-towns/).

**Qiyaastii 2500 ilaa 1150 CH: Masar waxay u dhoofaysaa Punt.** Safarrada Masaarida, laga soo bilaabo Sahure ilaa Ramesses III, waxay soo celiyaan malmal, uunsi, abanuus (ebony), dahab iyo daanyeerro (baboons). Xardhaha Hatshepsut ee qiyaastii 1470 CH waxay muujinayaan madaxa Punt, Perehu, iyo qoyskiisa. Daraasad isotope ah oo 2020 ayaa laba daanyeer oo laga keenay Punt u raadisay gobol ay ku jiraan "qaybo ka mid ah Soomaaliya" ([Breasted, *Ancient Records of Egypt*, mug. 2](https://archive.org/details/ancientrecordsof02brea_0); [Dominy et al. 2020](https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60860)). Bogga buuxa: [Dhulka Punt iyo xeebta Soomaalida](/so/history/punt-and-the-somali-coast/).

**Kun-sannadkii koowaad CH ilaa qarnigii 3aad CD (Ciise Dabadii): qoraal ka yimid Carabta Koonfureed.** Qoraallo far Saba iyo Ximyar ah oo ku yaal Dhagah Nabi Gallay, Dhagah Kure iyo Shalcaw ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)).

**Qarnigii 3aad CH: Eratosthenes.** Juqraafiyahankii Alexandria (Iskandariya) wuxuu ka warramay "dal malmal dhala" iyo "dal qorfe dhala" oo ka shisheeya marinka, oo leh "[magaalooyin] badan oo gudaha ah oo si qurux badan loo dego" (Strabo 16.4.4). Bogga buuxa: [Qorayaasha Giriigga iyo Roomaanka ee xeebta Soomaalida](/so/history/greek-and-roman-writers-on-the-somali-coast/).

**Qarniyadii ugu dambeeyay CH: Xaafuun Galbeed.** Dhisme dhagax ah oo leh dhoobo rinji leh oo qaab Hellenistic (Giriig) ah, oo ku yaal Xaafuun (Ras Hafun), lana taariikheeyay qarnigii 1aad CH ilaa qarnigii 3aad CD ([Chittick 1979](https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/PLACES/IndOc-Gulf/Somalia-Chittick1979.pdf); [Fernández Fernández et al. 2022](https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16511)). Bogga buuxa: [Opone iyo Xaafuun](/so/history/ancient-port-of-opone-ras-hafun/).

**Qiyaastii 20 CD: "dalka fooxa dhala" ee Strabo.** Juqraafiyahan Giriig ah ayaa ka warramay xeebta ka shisheysa Baab al-Mandab ilaa "Geeska Koonfureed" ([Strabo, *Geography* 16.4.14](https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Strabo/16D*.html)).

**Qarnigii 1aad CD: buugga Periplus.** Hage Giriig ah oo ganacsatada loo qoray ayaa taxaya Avalites (Saylac), Malao (Berbera), Mundus (Xiis), Mosylon, Suuqa Xawaashka (Raas Caseyr) iyo Opone (Xaafuun), wuxuuna sheegay in "magaalo suuq kastaa ay xukunto madax u gaar ah" ([Schoff 1912](https://archive.org/details/cu31924030139236)). Bogga buuxa: [Dekedaha Soomaalida ee buugga Periplus](/so/history/periplus-somali-ports-1st-century/).

**Qarniyadii 1aad ilaa 3aad CD: xabaalaha Xiis.** In ka badan 300 taallo, oo 80 ka mid ahi lahaayeen alaab Roomaan, Barti (Parthian) iyo Carabta Koonfureed ah ([Fernández Fernández et al. 2022](https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16511)).

**Qiyaastii 150 CD: Ptolemy.** Buuggiisa *Geography* wuxuu taxayaa Avalites, Malao, Mondu, Mosylum, raaska Aromata iyo Opone, gudahana wuxuu ugu yeeraa "Barbaria, oo ay ku nool yihiin maroodiyaal badan" ([Stevenson 1932, bb. 107–108](https://archive.org/details/PtolemysGeographyBook4)).

**Qarniyadii 2aad ilaa 5aad CD: Xaafuun Dhexe (Opone).** Goob ganacsi oo leh alaab Barti, Roomaan iyo Koonfurta Aasiya ah ([Chittick 1979](https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/wp-content/uploads/Documents/PLACES/IndOc-Gulf/Somalia-Chittick1979.pdf)).

**Qarniyadii 4aad ilaa 12aad CD: xabaalihii Masiixiga ee hore.** Xabaalo iskutallaab lagu calaamadeeyay oo ku yaal Aw Barkhadle, Dhuxun iyo Dhubato; Mire waxay qortay in gobollada waqooyiga Soomaalida ay xilliyadii Islaamka ka horreeyay qayb ka ahaayeen boqortooyadii Aksum ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)).

**Bartamihii 500-meeyadii iyo wixii ka dambeeyay: Harlaa.** Magaalo ganacsi oo ku taal waqooyi-galbeed Harar, kuna taal waddooyinka u socda xeebta Soomaalida, ayaa la degganaa laga soo bilaabo bartamihii qarnigii 6aad ilaa qarnigii 15aad; masaajideedu wuxuu taagnaa bartamihii qarnigii 12aad ([Insoll et al. 2021](https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.169)). Bogga buuxa: [Magaalooyinka burburay ee gudaha Soomaalida](/so/history/ruined-towns-of-the-somali-interior/).

**Qiyaastii 550 CD: "dalka fooxa ee la yiraahdo Barbaria".** Cosmas Indicopleustes wuxuu sharraxay sida dadka Barbaria ay foox iyo xawaash uga iibsan jireen gudaha, una dhoofin jireen Adulis, Yemen, Hindiya iyo Faaris ([McCrindle 1897, bb. 51–52](https://archive.org/details/christiantopogra00cosm)). Bogga buuxa: [Fooxa iyo malmalka](/so/history/ancient-frankincense-and-myrrh-trade/).

**Qarnigii 7aad: masjidka Qiblatayn ee Saylac.** Taariikhda afku waxay sheegtaa inuu yahay "mid ka mid ah masaajidda ugu horreeya, ama xitaa masjidka ugu horreeya, Afrika inta ka hooseysa Saxaraha" ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)). Fauvelle-Aymar iyo saaxiibbadiis, oo halkaas qoday 2001, waxay Islaamka Saylac u taariikheeyeen dabayaaqadii 1100-meeyadii ama horraantii 1200-meeyadii ([Fauvelle-Aymar et al. 2011](https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714)). Bogga buuxa: [Saylac hore iyo masjidka Qiblatayn](/so/history/early-zeila-before-1300/).

**Qarnigii 8aad: dhoobo Saasaani ah oo laga helay Fardowsa**, magaalo burburtay oo u dhow Sheekh ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)).

**Bartamihii 800-meeyadii: sharraxaaddii ugu horreysay ee Shiinaha.** Duan Chengshi wuxuu ka warramay Po-pa-li (Berbera), oo "waagii hore… aan weligeed hoos iman awood shisheeye" ([Hirth iyo Rockhill 1911, b. 128](https://archive.org/details/chaujukuahiswork00chauuoft)). Bogga buuxa: [Diiwaannada Shiinaha ee xeebta Soomaalida](/so/history/chinese-records-of-the-somali-coast/).

**Dabayaaqadii 800-meeyadii iyo 900-meeyadii: Saylac oo ku jirta qoraallada juqraafiyahannada Carabta.** Al-Yacquubi (al-Ya'qubi) wuxuu xusay "Saylac oo ku taal gobolka Mandab". 900-meeyadii al-Istakhri, al-Mascuudi (al-Mas'udi) iyo Ibnu Xawqal (Ibn Hawqal) waxay ku tilmaameen deked u adeegta Yemen iyo Xijaas, oo dhoofisa harag shabeel, haragyo, qolof diin, cambar (ambergris) iyo uunsi ([Fauvelle-Aymar et al. 2011](https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714)).

**896–897 CD (283 H): Saldanadda Shewa.** Boqortooyada Makhzuumi waxaa lagu aasaasay bariga Shewa, sida uu sheegayo taariikh qoraal Carabi ah oo ka timid Harar ([Lusini](https://www.openstarts.units.it/bitstream/10077/14305/1/ATRA_3_online-19_Lusini.pdf)). Bogga buuxa: [Saldanadda Shewa iyo aasaaskii Ifat](/en/history/sultanate-of-shewa-and-founding-of-ifat/).

**1105 (498 H, Hijriyada): qoraalka xabaasha Baraawe.** Dhagax xabaaleed Carabi ah oo ku yaal Baraawe (Barawa), lana taariikheeyay 498 H, ayaa ah, sida ay sheegayaan daraasadaha Enrico Cerulli, qoraalka Carabiga ah ee ugu da'da weyn ee laga yaqaan Soomaaliya (E. van Donzel, oo lagu soo xigtay [Fauvelle-Aymar et al. 2011](https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714), §87).

**1154: al-Idriisi.** "Zalegh"-giisa, oo inta badan loo akhriyo Saylac, waa "magaalo yar oo dad badani ku nool yihiin", oo ganacsato shisheeye oo badani booqdaan; Marka (Merca) waa magaalo ka mid ah dalka Berbera ([Jaubert, *Géographie d'Édrisi*, 1836, mug. 1](https://archive.org/details/gographiededrisi01idri)). Fauvelle-Aymar iyo saaxiibbadiis waxay ku doodaan in Zalegh-ka Idriisi laga yaabo inuu yahay deked kale oo Badda Cas ku taal ([Fauvelle-Aymar et al. 2011](https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714)).

**Qarnigii 12aad: Aw Barkhadle.** Sida ay sheegayso taariikhda afka, wadaadka Yuusuf Al-Kawnayn (Yusuf al-Kawnayn) ayaa yimid meesha u dhow Hargeysa ee hadda magiciisa sidata, oo ahayd goob barakaysan Islaamka ka hor ([Mire 2015, "Wagar"](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9181-z)).

**1200-meeyadii: Yaaquut iyo Ibnu Saciid oo ka warramay Muqdisho iyo Marka.** Yaaquut (Yaqut) wuxuu sheegay in Muqdisho (Mogadishu) ay maamuli jireen odayaal, ayna dhoofin jirtay qori-cadeed (sandalwood), abanuus, cambar iyo foolmaroodi; Ibnu Saciid (Ibn Sa'id) wuxuu Marka ugu yeeray magaalo Muslim ah, Muqdishona magaalo "magaceedu inta badan soo noqnoqdo" socotada dhexdeeda ([Guillain 1856, qaybta 1, bb. 234–239](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_p43vUEwuZEoC)). Bogga buuxa: [Muqdisho, Marka iyo Baraawe hore](/so/history/early-mogadishu-and-the-benadir-coast-before-1300/).

**Horraantii 1200-meeyadii: Saylac waa Muslim.** Yaaquut (dhintay 1229) iyo Ibnu Saciid waxay sheegeen in dadka Saylac ay yihiin Muslimiin doomo u kireeya xujaajta. Il ka warrantay 1270-meeyadii ayaa sheegtay in magaaladu "aysan lahayn boqorro" balse ay lahayd toddoba madax ([Fauvelle-Aymar et al. 2011](https://books.openedition.org/cfee/714)). Bogga buuxa: [Saylac hore iyo masjidka Qiblatayn](/so/history/early-zeila-before-1300/).

**1225: Zhao Rugua.** Sarkaalkii boqortooyada Song wuxuu ka warramay Pi-p'a-lo oo leh "afar magaalo" iyo Chung-li, "kan keliya ee foox soo saara" dhulalka Muslimka dhexdooda ([Hirth iyo Rockhill 1911, bb. 128–131](https://archive.org/details/chaujukuahiswork00chauuoft)).

**Agoosto 1238 (Muxarram 636 H): qoraalka ugu da'da weyn ee taariikhaysan ee Muqdisho,** oo ku yaal munaaradda masjidka Xamar Weyne ([Guillain 1856, qaybta 1, b. 612](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_p43vUEwuZEoC)).

**1269 (667 H): masaajidda Fakhrudiin iyo Arbaca Rukun** iyo qoraal saddexaad oo taariikhaysan oo Muqdisho ku yaal ([Guillain 1856, qaybta 1, bb. 612–613](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_p43vUEwuZEoC); [Garlake 1966, b. 10](https://books.google.com/books?id=IRINAQAAIAAJ)).

**1285 (684 H): Ifat ayaa kor u kacda.** Qoyska Walashma ee Ifat ayaa xukunka kala wareegay suldaannadii Makhzuumi ee Shewa ([Lusini](https://www.openstarts.units.it/bitstream/10077/14305/1/ATRA_3_online-19_Lusini.pdf)).

**1300 kadib.** Booqashadii Ibnu Batuuta (Ibn Battuta) ee Saylac iyo Muqdisho 1331, dagaalladii Ifat, Cadal (Adal) iyo Ajuuraan (Ajuran): eeg [Dowladihii qarniyadii dhexe iyo kuwii casriga hore, 1300-meeyadii ilaa 1700-meeyadii](/so/history/medieval-and-early-modern-polities-1300s-1700s/), [Magaalooyinka burburay ee gudaha Soomaalida](/so/history/ruined-towns-of-the-somali-interior/), [magaalooyinka xeebta Soomaalida, 1331–1586](/so/history/somali-coast-towns-1331-1586/) iyo [Jadwalka taariikhda, 1300-meeyadii ilaa 1960](/so/history/timeline-1300s-to-1960/).

## Sida diiwaanka loo dhisay

- **Taariikhda qadiimka ah (qodista).** Goobo aad u yar ayaa la qoday: Buur Heybe (1935, 1940-meeyadii, 1980-meeyadii), Xaafuun iyo Xiis (1975–76), Hoyga 7aad ee Laas Geel (2000-meeyadii) iyo mar kale Xiis (2018–19). Inta badan goobaha waqooyiga waxaa laga yaqaan sahamin ([Mire 2015](https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10437-015-9184-9)).
- **Qoraallada shisheeyaha.** Mid walba waxaa qoray dad dibadda ah, inta badan iyagoo ka soo xiganaya warbixinnada badmaaxiinta, mid walbana wuxuu diiwaangeliyaa waxa adduunka qoraagiisu ka doonayay xeebta: uunsi Masar, xawaash Roomaanka, foolmaroodi iyo cambar Shiinaha.
- **Qoraallada dhagaxa.** Qoraalka Carabiga ah ee ugu da'da weyn ee laga yaqaan Soomaaliya waa qoraal xabaaleed oo Baraawe ku yaal oo taariikhdiisu tahay 1105; masaajidda Muqdisho waxaa ku yaal qoraallo taariikhaysan oo ka tirsan 1238 iyo 1269.
- **Dhaqammada afka.** Sheekooyinka aasaaska, taariikh-nololeedka awliyada iyo abtirsiinyada, oo la qoray laga soo bilaabo 1800-meeyadii.

Sida aan bog kasta ilihiisa u diyaarinno waxaa lagu sharraxay [sida aan xaqiiqooyinka u hubinno](/en/about/how-we-check-facts/).

## Wax badan oo xilligan ku saabsan

- [Yaa meeshee qoday: taariikhda cilmiga qadiimka ah ee Soomaaliya iyo Soomaaliland](/so/history/history-of-archaeology-in-the-somali-lands/)
- [Xiis (Heis): dekeddii qadiimka ahayd iyo taallooyinkeeda](/so/history/heis-xiis-ancient-port-and-cairns/)
- [Qoraallada Saba ee xeebta Soomaalida, qiyaastii 700 CH](/so/history/sabaean-inscriptions-on-the-somali-coast/)
- [Taallooyinka Xiis iyo aqoonta xiddigaha ee Soomaalida](/so/history/xiis-cairns-and-somali-star-lore/)
- [Burburka qadiimka ah ee waqooyi-bari ee uu diiwaangeliyay Georges Révoil, 1880–1881](/so/history/revoil-ancient-sites-north-east-1880/)
- [Wagarka, geedaha barakaysan iyo Waaq, Ilaaha Cirka](/en/history/wagar-sacred-tree-and-waaq/)
- [Berbera hore, 1300 ka hor](/so/history/early-berbera-before-1300/)
- [Aksum, qoraalka Adulis iyo Barbaria](/so/history/aksum-adulis-inscription-and-barbaria/)
- ['Boqorrada reer guuraaga': taallooyinka waaweyn, qiyaastii 650–1000 CD](/so/history/nomad-kings-great-cairns-650-1000/)
- [Harla iyo magaalada Harlaa](/en/history/the-harla-and-harlaa/)
- [Abasa (Darbiyah Kola) iyo deriskeeda](/so/history/abasa-darbiyah-kola-medieval-town/)
- [Fardowsa: magaaladii ganacsiga ee qarniyadii dhexe ee Sheekh](/so/history/fardowsa-medieval-trading-town/)
- [Kabab iyo magaalooyinkii qarniyadii dhexe ee gobolka Gabiley](/so/history/medieval-towns-of-gebiley-and-kabab/)
- [Aw Bare, Aiyanle iyo magaalooyinkii qarniyadii dhexe ee xuduudda ka shisheeya](/so/history/aw-bare-aiyanle-medieval-border-towns/)
- [Suuq-carwooyinkii xeebta Berbera iyo alaabtii Aasiya laga keeni jiray](/so/history/berbera-coast-trade-fairs-1000-1600/)
- [Handoga: magaalo reer guuraa ah oo qarniyadii dhexe ku taalay Jabuuti](/so/history/handoga-medieval-town-djibouti/)
- [Reer guuraaga, magaalooyinka iyo dowladda xilligii Ifat iyo Cadal](/so/history/nomads-towns-and-the-state-ifat-adal/)
- [Masaajiddii qarniyadii dhexe ee Soomaaliland](/so/history/medieval-mosques-of-somaliland/)
- [Taallooyinka ilaa qabuuraha: xabaalihii Muslimiinta ee qarniyadii dhexe](/so/history/medieval-muslim-graves-cairns-to-cemeteries/)
- [Saylac, Berbera iyo Muqdisho oo ku jira diiwaannada Yemen xilligii Rasuuliyiinta](/so/history/rasulid-yemen-and-somali-ports-1229-1454/)
- [Marco Polo iyo xeebta Soomaalida, qiyaastii 1298](/so/history/marco-polo-and-the-somali-coast/)
- [Dakar, caasimaddii lumay ee Cadal, 1415–1520](/so/history/dakar-lost-capital-of-adal-1415-1520/)
- [Awfat, caasimaddii saldanadda Ifat, iyo qabuuraha Walashma](/so/history/awfat-capital-of-ifat-and-walashma-tombs/)
- [Harar oo noqotay caasimadda Cadal, 1520–1577](/so/history/harar-capital-of-adal-1520-1577/)
- [Geerida Suldaan Sacduddiin (Saʿd ad-Din) ee Saylac iyo wiilashiisii Yemen](/so/history/saad-ad-din-death-at-zeila-and-sons-in-yemen/)
- [Toddobada boqortooyo ee Muslimka ah ee Geeska: canshuur, ganacsi iyo lacag](/so/history/seven-muslim-kingdoms-tribute-trade-and-money/)
- [Dhammaadkii Cadal, 1543–1583](/so/history/end-of-adal-1543-1583/)
- [Culimadii Saylac ee al-Azhar iyo Qaahira, 1300–1500](/en/history/zeila-scholars-at-al-azhar-1300-1500/)
- [Culimadii Saylac iyo Geeska ee Yemen qarniyadii dhexe, 1150–1450](/en/history/zeila-and-jabarti-scholars-in-medieval-yemen/)
- [Muqdisho iyo Baraawe oo ku jira qoraallada João de Barros, 1503–1510](/so/history/mogadishu-and-brava-in-joao-de-barros/)
- [Saylac iyo Berbera oo ku jira buugga Décadas da Ásia ee João de Barros, 1513–1518](/en/history/zeila-and-berbera-in-joao-de-barros/)