# Maxay Soomaalidu u tageen, goormayse?

> Mowjad kasta oo Soomaalidu dalka uga tageen, badmaaxiintii 1880-meeyadii ilaa abaarihii 2017 iyo 2022: taariikhaha, sababaha iyo tirooyinka.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/diaspora/why-and-how-somalis-left/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/diaspora/why-and-how-somalis-left/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

Soomaalidu waxay u tageen mowjado, mid kastana sabab u gaar ah ayuu lahaa. Badmaaxiinta ayaa ugu horreeyay, kadib arday iyo shaqaale Khaliijka aaday, kadibna qaxooti ka cararay dagaal, macaluul iyo abaar.

UNHCR waxay tirisay 805,917 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed oo ku sugan shanta dal ee ugu waaweyn ee gobolka martigeliya, 31 Oktoobar 2026 ([UNHCR Horn of Africa data portal, 2026](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/horn)). Qiyaastii 3.5 milyan oo kale ayaa gudaha Soomaaliya ku barakacay ([UNHCR Somalia dashboard, Nofembar 2025](https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2135144/UNHCR+Somalia+Population+Dashboard+-+Nov+2025.pdf)).

## Mowjadaha oo kooban

- **1880-meeyadii ilaa 1950-meeyadii:** badmaaxiin iyo ganacsato ka shaqeeya maraakiibta uumiga ee Ingiriiska, Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka ([Krozewski, IJAHS](https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/ijahs/publications/?pid=757)).
- **1960-meeyadii ilaa 1970-meeyadii:** arday deeqo waxbarasho ugu tagay Midowgii Soofiyeeti, Talyaaniga iyo Mareykanka ([MNopedia](https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/somali-and-somali-american-experiences-minnesota)).
- **1970-meeyadii ilaa 1980-meeyadii:** shaqaale u tagay dalalka saliidda Khaliijka ([Ahmed, Disasters, 2000](https://s3.amazonaws.com/ssrc-cdn1/crmuploads/new_publication_3/%7B8EC8ADE9-7250-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70%7D.pdf)).
- **1977 ilaa 1983:** Soomaali iyo Oromo ka yimid Itoobiya ayaa u cararay Soomaaliya dagaalkii Ogaadeenya kadib ([Africa Watch, Evil Days, 1991](https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia.919/c5ogaden.pdf)).
- **1988 ilaa 1991:** dagaalkii waqooyiga ayaa ku dhawaad nus milyan qof u diray dibadda, intooda badan Itoobiya ([HRW World Report 1990](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1990/WR90/AFRICA.BOU-09.htm)).
- **1991 ilaa 1992:** dowladdii dhexe waxay burburtay, macaluulna waa ka dambeysay ([HRW World Report 1993](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/WR93/Afw-08.htm)).
- **2007 ilaa 2009:** dagaal ka dhacay Muqdisho ([UN News, Maajo 2007](https://news.un.org/en/story/2007/05/217812)).
- **2010 ilaa 2012:** macaluul dishay qiyaastii 258,000 qof ([FSNAU iyo FEWS NET, 2013](https://fsnau.org/in-focus/technical-release-study-suggests-258000-somalis-died-due-severe-food-insecurity-and-famine-)).
- **2016 ilaa 2017 iyo 2021 ilaa 2023:** abaaro barakiciyay in aad uga badan hal milyan oo qof ([OCHA, ReliefWeb, Nofembar 2022](https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-drought-and-famine-displacement-monitoring-dashboard-november-2022)).

## Goormay Soomaalidii ugu horreysay dibadda u baxeen?

Kooxdii ugu horreysay ee waaweyn waxay ahaayeen badmaaxiin. Raggii Soomaaliyeed waxay ka shaqaynayeen qolalka mishiinnada ee maraakiibta uumiga ee Ingiriiska, Faransiiska iyo Jarmalka, laga bilaabo 1880-meeyadii ilaa Dagaalkii Labaad ee Adduunka ([Krozewski, IJAHS](https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/ijahs/publications/?pid=757)). Isla ilahaasi waxay sheegaysaa in ugu horrayn lagu yaqaanay shidista dabka maraakiibta xamuulka ee Ingiriiska (tramp ships).

Kanaalka Suweys wuxuu furmay 1869, 1888-na Ingiriisku wuxuu dejiyay maxmiyad si uu u ilaaliyo waddada Cadan ([Mohamud iyo Whitburn, Our Migration Story](https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/the-travels-of-somali-seaman-ibrahim-ismaail)). Badmaaxiin badan waxay shaqada ka galeen Cadan ama Masar, waxaana inta badan loo qori jiray "Carab" ([Our Migration Story](https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/the-travels-of-somali-seaman-ibrahim-ismaail)). Bulshooyin Soomaaliyeed oo yaryar ayaa ku noolaa Cardiff iyo London dabayaaqadii qarnigii 19aad, sida ay qoreen isla taariikhyahannadaas.

- **Cardiff:** Rag Soomaaliyeed ayaa difaacay guri hoyga ah oo ku yaal Millicent Street intii lagu jiray rabshadihii 1919, sida uu ku qoray badmaaxiyihii Ibraahin Ismaaciil (Ibrahim Ismaa'il) ([Our Migration Story](https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/the-travels-of-somali-seaman-ibrahim-ismaail)).
- **Ingiriiska guud ahaan:** badmaaxiintii Soomaaliyeed ee ugu horreysay ee ka shaqeeya maraakiibta ganacsiga waxay degeen in ka badan qarni ka hor ([Ahmed, 2000](https://s3.amazonaws.com/ssrc-cdn1/crmuploads/new_publication_3/%7B8EC8ADE9-7250-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70%7D.pdf)).
- **New York:** Soomaalidii ugu horreysay ee Mareykanka waxay ahaayeen badmaaxiin halkaas degay 1920-meeyadii ([MNopedia](https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/somali-and-somali-american-experiences-minnesota)).
- **Marseille:** urur ay lahaayeen dadka ka yimid Xeebta Soomaalida Faransiiska ayaa halkaas ka jiray 1948 ilaa 1953 ([Cayla-Giraudeau, REAF 2018](https://reaf2018.sciencesconf.org/197108/197108.pdf)).

Inta badmaaxiin ahayd way adag tahay in la sheego. Tirada yimid horraantii 1900-meeyadii "way adag tahay in la go'aamiyo" ([Our Migration Story](https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/the-travels-of-somali-seaman-ibrahim-ismaail)).

## Yaa u tagay waxbarasho xorriyadda 1960 kadib?

Arday ayaa ku tagay deeqo waxbarasho. Ardayda Soomaaliyeed waxay bilaabeen inay yimaadaan Midowgii Soofiyeeti 1961, iyagoo ku jira barnaamij cusub oo deeqo waxbarasho Soofiyeeti ah ([Ivanova, Kunstkamera, 2019](https://journal.kunstkamera.ru/files/journal_kunstkamera/2019_04/ivanova_kk_4_6-stranicy-185-192.pdf)).

Intii u dhexeysay 1956 iyo 1969, kooxo arday Soomaaliyeed ah ayaa shahaadooyin ka bilaabay Muqdisho, kana dhammaystay Padova, Talyaaniga ([Urbano, Firenze University Press](https://books.fupress.com/doi/capitoli/979-12-215-0389-0_5)). Arday Soomaaliyeed ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay inay Mareykanka yimaadaan 1960-meeyadii ([MNopedia](https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/somali-and-somali-american-experiences-minnesota)).

## Maxaa dad badan u aaday Khaliijka 1970-meeyadii iyo 1980-meeyadii?

Kororka saliidda ayaa shaqooyin abuuray. Lacagaha qurbaha laga soo diro waxay muhiim u ahaayeen dhaqaalaha waqooyi-galbeed "tan iyo kororkii saliidda ee Khaliijka 1970-meeyadii" ([Ahmed, 2000](https://s3.amazonaws.com/ssrc-cdn1/crmuploads/new_publication_3/%7B8EC8ADE9-7250-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70%7D.pdf)).

Daraasad 1987 ah oo ay sameeyeen Green iyo Jamal ayaa shaqaalaha Soomaaliyeed ee dibadda ku qiyaastay ugu yaraan 375,000 ([Ahmed, 2000 ayaa soo xigtay](https://s3.amazonaws.com/ssrc-cdn1/crmuploads/new_publication_3/%7B8EC8ADE9-7250-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70%7D.pdf)). Waxay ku qiyaastay lacagaha ay sannadkii soo diraan US$478 milyan ilaa US$540 milyan. Ahmed wuxuu intaas ku darayaa in muhaajiriinta Khaliijka intooda badan ay ka yimaadeen waqooyi-galbeed, maxaa yeelay wuxuu u dhow yahay Khaliijka.

## Maxaa dhacay dagaalkii Ogaadeenya ee 1977-78 kadib?

Dadku waxay u carareen Soomaaliya, kamana carareen. Jabkii Soomaaliya kadib, ciidamada Itoobiya waxay Ogaadeenya kula dagaallameen jabhado, waxayna weerareen tuulooyin iyo xoolo ([Africa Watch, Evil Days, 1991](https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia.919/c5ogaden.pdf)). Isla warbixintu waxay sheegaysaa in dad badan oo cararay ay ahaayeen Oromo, ee aysan ahayn Soomaali.

Africa Watch waxay bixisay kororkan tirada xeryaha gudaha Soomaaliya ([Evil Days, 1991](https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia.919/c5ogaden.pdf)):

- **Bartamihii 1978:** 80,000 ilaa 85,000.
- **Bartamihii 1979:** 220,000.
- **Dhammaadkii 1979:** 440,000 ilaa 470,000.
- **Dhammaadkii 1980:** qiyaastii 800,000.

Luulyo 1980, 725,000 qaxooti oo diiwaangashan ayaa ku noolaa 26 xero, intooda badan Gedo, Hiiraan iyo waqooyi-galbeed ([Christian Science Monitor, 1980](https://csmonitor.com/1980/0702/070243.html)). In ka badan 90 boqolkiiba waxay ahaayeen haween iyo carruur, sida uu wargeysku sheegay.

Tirooyinka waa lagu murmay. 1983 dowladdu waxay sheegtay 1.3 milyan oo qaxooti, deeq-bixiyeyaashuse waxay tirada dhabta ah ku qiyaaseen 700,000 ilaa 800,000 ([Evil Days, 1991](https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia.919/c5ogaden.pdf)). 1980 saraakiishu waxay sheegeen in ka badan 2 milyan, halka sarkaal Qaramada Midoobay uu ku qiyaasay 1.5 milyan ([CS Monitor, 1980](https://csmonitor.com/1980/0702/070243.html)).

## Maxaa dhacay 1988 ilaa 1991?

Dagaal ayaa waqooyiga ka qarxay Maajo 1988, Human Rights Watch-na waxay sheegtay in "ku dhawaad nus milyan" qof ay dalka ka carareen, intooda badan Itoobiya ([HRW World Report 1990](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1990/WR90/AFRICA.BOU-09.htm)). Dowladdii dhexe waxay burburtay Janaayo 1991, macaluulna waa ka dambeysay ([HRW World Report 1993](https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/WR93/Afw-08.htm)). Diiwaanka buuxa, oo ay ku jiraan dilalkii shacabka ee 1987-89, xerada Hartasheekh iyo bulshooyinka laga tirada badan yahay, wuxuu ku jiraa [Dagaalkii 1988 ee waqooyiga iyo burburkii 1991](/so/diaspora/somalis-leave-1988-1991/).

## Maxaa dhacay 1992 ilaa hadda?

Macaluushii 2011 waxay dishay qiyaastii 258,000 qof ([FSNAU iyo FEWS NET, 2013](https://fsnau.org/in-focus/technical-release-study-suggests-258000-somalis-died-due-severe-food-insecurity-and-famine-)). UNHCR waxay tirisay 805,917 qaxooti Soomaaliyeed oo gobolka ku sugan Oktoobar 2026 ([UNHCR Horn of Africa data portal, 2026](https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/horn)). Macaluushii 1992, dagaalkii Muqdisho ee 2007, abaaraha iyo dadka soo laabtay waxay ku qoran yihiin [Macaluul, dagaal iyo abaar: Soomaalidii tagtay 1992 ilaa hadda](/so/diaspora/somalis-leave-1992-2026/).

## Maxaa kale oo laga soo sheegay mowjadahan?

- **Shaqaalaha Khaliijka, 1980:** dhaqaaleyahan Vali Jamal ayaa ku qiyaasay in 150,000 ilaa 175,000 Soomaali ah ay Khaliijka ka shaqaynayeen 1980, iyagoo qaata shan ilaa lix jibbaar mushaharka celceliska ah ee Soomaaliya ([Jamal, "Somalia: The Gulf Link and Adjustment", 1992, soo koobid RePEc](https://ideas.repec.org/h/pal/palchp/978-1-349-12558-6_9.html)).
- **Sharci 1894 ah:** Wikipedia waxay sheegtaa in sharci 1894 ahi uu Soomaalida Ingiriiska ku koobay shaqada maraakiibta ilaa 1950-meeyadii ([Wikipedia: "Somalis in the United Kingdom"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom)).

## Bogag la xiriira

- [Dagaalkii 1988 ee waqooyiga iyo burburkii 1991](/so/diaspora/somalis-leave-1988-1991/)
- [Macaluul, dagaal iyo abaar: Soomaalidii tagtay 1992 ilaa hadda](/so/diaspora/somalis-leave-1992-2026/)
- [Waddooyinkee ayay Soomaalidu mareen?](/so/diaspora/migration-routes/)
- [Qaxootiga Soomaaliyeed oo tirooyin ah](/so/diaspora/somali-refugees-by-the-numbers/)
- [Kenya](/en/diaspora/kenya/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Itoobiya](/en/diaspora/ethiopia/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Yaman](/en/diaspora/yemen/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Burburkii, 1991-2000](/en/history/collapse-1991-2000/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Xilligii Siyaad Barre, 1969-1991](/so/history/siad-barre-era-1969-1991/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Bulshooyinka laga tirada badan yahay](/en/society/minority-communities/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Barakaca gudaha](/en/society/internal-displacement/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Lacagaha qurbaha laga soo diro oo tirooyin ah](/so/economy/remittances-in-numbers/) (Ingiriisi)
- [Dhaqdhaqaaqyada iyo dowladaha Soomaaliyeed tan iyo 1895](/so/history/carried-the-banner-since-1895/) (Ingiriisi)

## Ilaha

1. UNHCR. "Refugees from Somalia", Horn of Africa situation data portal, xog ilaa 31 Oktoobar 2026. https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/horn. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
2. UNHCR Soomaaliya. "Population Dashboard, November 2025", ecoi.net. https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/2135144/UNHCR+Somalia+Population+Dashboard+-+Nov+2025.pdf. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
3. Gerold Krozewski. "Hidden Seamen from East Africa: Somali Firemen, European Steamers, and Global Labor Markets, 1880s-1930s". International Journal of African Historical Studies. https://www.bu.edu/phpbin/ijahs/publications/?pid=757. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
4. Abdul Mohamud iyo Robin Whitburn. "Somali seafarer Ibrahim Ismaa'il: from Cardiff to the Cotswolds". Our Migration Story, 2016. https://www.ourmigrationstory.org.uk/oms/the-travels-of-somali-seaman-ibrahim-ismaail. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
5. Ismail I. Ahmed. "Remittances and Their Economic Impact in Post-war Somaliland". Disasters 24(4), 2000. https://s3.amazonaws.com/ssrc-cdn1/crmuploads/new_publication_3/%7B8EC8ADE9-7250-DE11-AFAC-001CC477EC70%7D.pdf. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
6. Minnesota Historical Society. "Somali and Somali American Experiences in Minnesota". MNopedia. https://www.mnhs.org/mnopedia/search/index/somali-and-somali-american-experiences-minnesota. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
7. Clément Cayla-Giraudeau. Warqad ku saabsan ururka dadka Xeebta Soomaalida Faransiiska ee Marseille, 1948-1953. REAF 2018. https://reaf2018.sciencesconf.org/197108/197108.pdf. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
8. Ivanova. Maqaal ku saabsan ardayda Soomaaliyeed ee Midowgii Soofiyeeti. Kunstkamera, 2019 no. 4. https://journal.kunstkamera.ru/files/journal_kunstkamera/2019_04/ivanova_kk_4_6-stranicy-185-192.pdf. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
9. Urbano. Cutub ku saabsan ardayda Soomaaliyeed ee Padova, 1956-1969. Firenze University Press. https://books.fupress.com/doi/capitoli/979-12-215-0389-0_5. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
10. Africa Watch. "Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia", cutubka Ogaadeenya. Human Rights Watch, 1991. https://www.hrw.org/reports/pdfs/e/ethiopia/ethiopia.919/c5ogaden.pdf. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
11. Edward Girardet. "Desert war refugees inundate Somalia". Christian Science Monitor, 2 Luulyo 1980. https://csmonitor.com/1980/0702/070243.html. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
12. Human Rights Watch. "World Report 1990: Somalia". HRW, 1991. https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1990/WR90/AFRICA.BOU-09.htm. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
13. Human Rights Watch. "World Report 1993: Somalia". HRW, 1993. https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1993/WR93/Afw-08.htm. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
14. UN News. Warbixin ku saabsan barakaca Muqdisho. 4 Maajo 2007. https://news.un.org/en/story/2007/05/217812. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
15. FSNAU (FAO) iyo FEWS NET. "Study suggests 258,000 Somalis died due to severe food insecurity and famine". 2 Maajo 2013. https://fsnau.org/in-focus/technical-release-study-suggests-258000-somalis-died-due-severe-food-insecurity-and-famine-. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
16. OCHA. "Somalia: Drought and famine displacement monitoring dashboard, November 2022". ReliefWeb, 2022. https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-drought-and-famine-displacement-monitoring-dashboard-november-2022. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
17. Vali Jamal. "Somalia: The Gulf Link and Adjustment". Gudaha Raffer iyo Salih (tifaftirayaal), The Least Developed and the Oil-Rich Arab Countries, Palgrave, 1992. Soo koobid RePEc. https://ideas.repec.org/h/pal/palchp/978-1-349-12558-6_9.html. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.
18. Wikipedia. "Somalis in the United Kingdom". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis_in_the_United_Kingdom. La hubiyay 2026-11-12.