# Africa's First Democrats (2016), Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar: Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan iyo Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen

> Africa's First Democrats (2016) ee Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar: cutubyadiisa ku saabsan Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan, Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen, SYL iyo jamhuuriyaddii rayidka, dooddiisa hoggaanka, iyo aragtiyaha kala duwan ee laga qabo.

Source page: https://calankii.com/so/books/africas-first-democrats-samatar/
Language: so
Translation of: https://calankii.com/en/books/africas-first-democrats-samatar/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Buugga

**Africa's First Democrats: Somalia's Aden A. Osman and Abdirazak H. Hussen** (Dimuqraadiyiintii Ugu Horreeyay Afrika: Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan iyo Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen ee Soomaaliya) waxaa qoray **[Cabdi Ismaaciil Samatar](/en/people/abdi-samatar/)**, borofisar juqraafiga ka dhiga Jaamacadda Minnesota oo wax badan ka qoray dowladda Soomaaliyeed. Waxaa 2016 daabacay Indiana University Press, qiyaastii 300 bog ([Project MUSE](https://muse.jhu.edu/book/49081)). Waa taariikh-nololeed siyaasadeed oo laba nin ah: [Aadan Cabdulle Cismaan](/so/people/aden-abdulle-osman/), madaxweynihii Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliyeed 1960 ilaa 1967, iyo [Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen](/en/people/abdirizak-haji-hussein/), ra'iisul wasaarihiisii 1964 ilaa 1967.

## Waxa ku jira

Cutub hordhac ah oo ku saabsan hoggaanka Afrika kaddib, buuggu wuxuu raacayaa nolosha hore ee labada nin: Aadan "agoon ilaa hoggaamiye qaran" iyo Cabdirisaaq "wiil geel-jire ilaa halgame xorriyadeed". Kaddib wuxuu daboolayaa [Leegada Dhallinyarada Soomaaliyeed](/so/history/somali-youth-league/) iyo mashruuca qaran 1943 ilaa 1960, "Jamhuuriyaddii Koowaad" 1960 ilaa 1964, "Jamhuuriyaddii Labaad" 1964 ilaa 1967, iyo waxa Samatar ugu yeeray "socodkii loo galay kalitalisnimada" 1967 ilaa 1974 ([Project MUSE](https://muse.jhu.edu/book/49081)). Tobankaas sano waxaa lagu sharxay [Xilligii rayidka, 1960 ilaa 1969](/so/history/civilian-era-1960-1969/), wixii ka dambeeyayna [Xilligii Siyaad Barre, 1969 ilaa 1991](/so/history/siad-barre-era-1969-1991/).

## Dooddiisa

Dowlado badan oo Afrika ah waxay xorriyadda ku bilaabeen xukun kalitalisnimo ah, culimaduna inta badan arrintaas waxay u arkeen caadi. Samatar wuxuu ku doodayaa in Soomaaliya sannadaheedii hore ay lahayd hoggaan dhab ahaan dimuqraadi ah, kaas oo hay'ado dimuqraadi ah dhisay sannadihii xukunka faashiistaha Talyaaniga kaddib. Inkastoo xilligaasi uusan sii jirin, wuxuu u arkaa dhaxalkiisa tusaale suurtagal ah oo dowlad wanaag ah ([Project MUSE](https://muse.jhu.edu/book/49081)).

Buuggu wuxuu indhaha ka leexinayaa aqoonsiga beelaha, oo qoraallo badan ku sharxaan siyaasadda Soomaalida, wuxuuna u leexinayaa hoggaanka iyo hay'adaha. Samatar wuxuu is-barbar dhigayaa hoggaamiyeyaal hay'ado dhisa iyo kalitaliyeyaal ([Horn Diplomat](https://www.horndiplomat.com/?p=5975)). Tusaalooyinka uu bixiyo, sida uu soo koobay dib-u-eegaha Bashiir Goth, waxaa ka mid ah:

- Isku day afgambi oo saraakiil ciidan sameeyeen 1961 kaddib, dowladda Aadan Cadde waxay kiiska u dirtay maxkamad caadi ah, saraakiishana waxaa loo oggolaaday qareenno ajnabi ah, waxaana la sii daayay markii maxkamaddu kiiska tuurtay.
- 1967 Aadan Cadde wuxuu cod dhow kaga guuldarraystay [Cabdirashiid Cali Sharmaarke](/so/people/abdirashid-ali-shermarke/), natiijadana wuu aqbalay oo xilka ayuu wareejiyay.
- Ra'iisul wasaare ahaan, Cabdirisaaq wuxuu ku dadaalay in shaqaalaha dowladda lagu magacaabo karti, wuxuuna la dagaallamay saraakiisha xilka dowladda u adeegsada dan gaar ah.

## Sida loo qaabilay

Dib-u-eegayaashu way kala aragti duwanaayeen. Bashiir Goth, Horn Diplomat 2017, wuxuu ku tilmaamay "si fiican loo dooday, si fiican loo diiwaangeliyay, si fiican loo qoray", isagoo xusay in xusuus-qorka siyaasiga Cabdullaahi Qablan uu isla dowladdaas ku eedeeyay musuqmaasuq iyo qaraabo-kiil ([Horn Diplomat](https://www.horndiplomat.com/?p=5975)). Dib-u-eegis ku soo baxday Pambazuka ayaa ku doodday in buuggu leeyahay khaladaad iyo is-burinno, in cinwaankiisa hoose uu marin-habaabinayo maadaama uusan inta badan ku saabsanayn labada nin, inuu iska indhatiray culimo hore oo badan, iyo in hoggaamiyeyaal Somaliland-tii Ingiriiska iyo Dhulkii Wakaaladda ay hore xilka u wareejiyeen ([Pambazuka](https://pambazuka.org/node/96915)).

## Halka laga akhriyo

Indiana University Press ayaa ku iibisa jeldi adag, jeldi jilicsan iyo nuqul elektaroonig ah, waxaana laga heli karaa Project MUSE iyadoo loo marayo maktabadaha. Xusuus-qorka Cabdirisaaq Xaaji Xuseen laftiisa, [My Role in the Foundation of the Somali Nation-State](/so/books/my-role-in-the-foundation-of-the-somali-nation-state-hussein/), wuxuu soo baxay 2017.