# Somalia

Source page: https://calankii.com/en/somalia/
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

- [The federal member states: how each was formed](https://calankii.com/en/states/federal-member-states.md): Somalia has six federal member states: Puntland (1998), Jubaland (2013), South West (2014), Galmudug (2015), Hirshabelle (2016) and North Eastern State…
- [Somaliland, 1991 to 2026, in brief](https://calankii.com/en/states/somaliland-1991-to-2026.md): On 18 May 1991 the north-west declared the Republic of Somaliland and ended the 1960 union.
- [Mogadishu (Banadir)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/mogadishu.md): Mogadishu (Muqdisho) is Somalia's capital and makes up the Banadir region, with about 2.97 million people in 20 districts.
- [Awdal](https://calankii.com/en/regions/awdal.md): Awdal is the far north-west region, on the borders with Djibouti and Ethiopia, with Borama (Boorama) as its capital and about 300,000 to 636,000 people.
- [Woqooyi Galbeed (Hargeisa, Berbera)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/woqooyi-galbeed.md): Woqooyi Galbeed is the north-western region that holds Hargeisa (Hargeysa) and the port of Berbera, with about 1 to 1.45 million people.
- [Togdheer (Burao)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/togdheer.md): Togdheer is a region of Somalia. About 894,874 people including Buhodle (IPC, Jan 2026).
- [Sool (Las Anod)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/sool.md): Sool is a region in the north with Las Anod (Laascaanood) as its capital and about 571,000 people.
- [Sanaag](https://calankii.com/en/regions/sanaag.md): Sanaag is a region on the northern coast with Erigavo (Ceerigaabo) as its capital and about 446,000 people.
- [Bari (Bosaso)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/bari.md): Bari is Puntland's north-east region, with the port city of Bosaso (Boosaaso) as its capital and about 1.28 million people.
- [Nugaal (Garowe)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/nugaal.md): Nugaal is a region of Somalia. About 656,910 people (IPC, January 2026).
- [Mudug (Galkayo)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/mudug.md): Mudug is a region of central Somalia with about 1.5 million people, split between Puntland in the north and Galmudug in the south.
- [Galgaduud (Dhusamareeb)](https://calankii.com/en/regions/galgaduud.md): Galgaduud is a region of central Somalia in Galmudug State, with Dhusamareb (Dhuusamarreeb) as its capital and about 845,000 people.
- [Hiiraan](https://calankii.com/en/regions/hiiraan.md): Hiiraan is a region of Hirshabelle State on the Shabelle river, with Beledweyne as its capital and about 505,000 to 598,000 people.
- [Middle Shabelle](https://calankii.com/en/regions/middle-shabelle.md): Middle Shabelle is the farming region along the Shabelle river north of Mogadishu, with Jowhar as its capital and about 1 to 1.26 million people.
- [Lower Shabelle](https://calankii.com/en/regions/lower-shabelle.md): Lower Shabelle is Somalia's biggest farming region, along the Shabelle river south-west of Mogadishu, with Marka (Merca) as its capital and about 835,000 to…
- [Bay](https://calankii.com/en/regions/bay.md): Bay is a farming region in South West State, with Baidoa (Baydhabo) as its main city and about 1.25 to 1.8 million people.
- [Bakool](https://calankii.com/en/regions/bakool.md): Bakool is a region in South West State, on the border with Ethiopia, with Xudur (Hudur) as its capital.
- [Gedo](https://calankii.com/en/regions/gedo.md): Gedo is a region of Somalia. About 1,014,335 people (IPC estimate, January 2026).
- [Middle Juba](https://calankii.com/en/regions/middle-juba.md): Middle Juba is a farming region on the Juba river in the south, with about 447,000 people.
- [Lower Juba](https://calankii.com/en/regions/lower-juba.md): Lower Juba is the far southern region on the border with Kenya, with the port city of Kismayo (Kismaayo) as its capital and about 1.2 million people.