# People and culture

Source page: https://calankii.com/en/society/
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

- [Islam in Somalia: faith, the Sufi orders and religion in law](https://calankii.com/en/society/islam-in-somalia.md): Islam in Somalia: Sunni and Shafi'i, how Islam arrived, the Sufi orders (Qadiriyya, Ahmadiyya, Salihiyya), great scholars, and what the constitution says.
- [Somali clans and lineage: how the system works](https://calankii.com/en/society/clans-and-lineage.md): How the Somali clan system works: the five clan families, lineage levels, the diya-paying group, marriage ties and the 4.5 formula, with sources.
- [Somali names: how they work, and nicknames (naanays)](https://calankii.com/en/society/somali-names.md): How Somali names work: personal, father's and grandfather's names, no surname, nicknames (naanays), names abroad.
- [Somali poetry (maanso): the forms, the great poets and why it still matters](https://calankii.com/en/society/somali-poetry.md): Somali poetry explained: gabay, geeraar, jiifto, buraambur and alliteration; great poets from the Sayyid to Timacadde, Hadraawi and Gaarriye; the Deelley debate.
- [Somalia exam results: how to check Grade 8 and Grade 12 results (natiijada imtixaanka)](https://calankii.com/en/society/exam-results.md): How to check Somali Grade 8 and Grade 12 exam results: official links for the federal exam board, Puntland and Somaliland, dates and latest pass rates.
- [Somalia's minority communities: Bantu (Jareer), Benadiri, Bajuni, Gabooye and others](https://calankii.com/en/society/minority-communities.md): Who Somalia's minority communities are: Somali Bantu, Benadiri, Bajuni, Gabooye, Asharaf and Sheikhal. Where they live, their history and what they face.
- [The Somali language: Af-Soomaali, Maay and the other languages of Somalia](https://calankii.com/en/society/the-somali-language.md): Somali (Af-Soomaali) explained: its family, dialects (Maxaa, Maay, Benaadir), legal status, other languages spoken in Somalia, and how many speak it.
- [Scholarships for Somali students: study abroad and at home (deeq waxbarasho)](https://calankii.com/en/society/scholarships.md): Scholarships open to Somali students: Türkiye Bursları, Stipendium Hungaricum, Chevening, IsDB, Mastercard Foundation and home funds. Official links and tips.
- [Somali food: canjeero, bariis iskukaris, xawaash and the daily meals](https://calankii.com/en/society/somali-food.md): Somali food explained: canjeero, sabaayad, muufo, bariis iskukaris, baasto, sambuus, xalwo and shaah; the xawaash spice blend; meals through the day and on Eid.
- [Somali music: from balwo and heello to Waaberi and the Mogadishu bands](https://calankii.com/en/society/somali-music.md): A history of Somali music: balwo, heello and qaraami, Abdullahi Qarshe, Radio Hargeisa, Waaberi, Magool, the Mogadishu bands, the war years and the revival.
- [Xeer: Somali customary law, how it works and how it is changing](https://calankii.com/en/society/xeer-customary-law.md): Xeer, Somali customary law, explained: elders, mag (blood compensation), rules of war (biri-ma-geydo), its role today, and what elders think of reform.
- [Learn English for free: the best free courses for Somali speakers (baro Ingiriisi bilaash)](https://calankii.com/en/society/learn-english-free.md): Free ways to learn English for Somali speakers: BBC and VOA Learning English, British Council, USA Learns, free level tests, and which exams scholarships ask for.
- [How many Somalis are displaced inside Somalia?](https://calankii.com/en/society/internal-displacement.md): Somalia's 3.3 million internally displaced people: where they live, why they left (conflict, drought, floods), evictions, and minority communities.
- [Universities in Somalia: the national university, private universities and how to choose](https://calankii.com/en/society/universities-in-somalia.md): Universities in Somalia: the Somali National University story, the rise of private universities, how quality is checked, and how to choose where to study.