# Clan conflicts in Somalia, 2023 to 2025: where they are and what they cost > Clan conflicts in Somalia 2023 to 2025, region by region: the clans involved, the districts, the causes, and the numbers of incidents and deaths. Source page: https://calankii.com/en/society/clan-conflicts/ Last checked: 2026-11-12 Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com) ## The numbers The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) counted clan violence in Somalia from **1 April 2023 to 30 March 2025**, using data from ACLED, a conflict-monitoring project. All figures on this page come from that report ([EUAA, Somalia Country Focus, May 2025, section 1.5.1](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Country_Focus.pdf)). - **Across Somalia:** more than 472 incidents and about 1,214 estimated deaths. - **Revenge killings:** named as the motive in almost 200 cases, with about 641 deaths. - **Trend:** experts interviewed by the EUAA said clan conflict had grown substantially over the previous two years. | Area | Incidents | Estimated deaths | |---|---|---| | Galmudug (with all of Galkayo district) | almost 220 | at least 590 | | Hirshabelle | more than 133 | at least 260 | | Sool, Sanaag and Buuhoodle | almost 90 | at least 161 | | South West State | 56 | at least 146 | | Puntland | more than 40 | at least 144 | | Jubaland | 24 | at least 40 | | Somaliland | more than 20 | at least 16 | | Mogadishu | none recorded | none recorded | The EUAA's lists below are "non-exhaustive", and some conflicts were dormant at the end of the period. Clan affiliations follow the report, with names in standard Somali spelling. For how the clan system works, see [clans and lineage](/en/society/clans-and-lineage/) and [xeer, customary law](/en/society/xeer-customary-law/). ## Jubaland - [Reer Aw Hassan](/en/society/reer-aw-xasan/) (Marehan, [Darood](/en/society/darod/)) and Gababweyne (Rahanweyn) against Moalim Weyne (Rahanweyn), in **[Luuq](/en/regions/gedo/)**, Gedo. Luuq became the centre of clan conflict over land, local power and resources. Dozens were killed, and more than 40,000 people were reportedly displaced, though the figure is contested. - Marehan (Darood) against Gelidle ([Mirifle](/en/society/mirifle/)), in **[Bardhere](/en/regions/baardheere/)**, Gedo; dormant. - [Biyamal](/en/society/biyomaal/) (Dir) against Ogaden (Darood), in **[Jamaame](/en/regions/jamaame/)**, Lower [Juba](/en/economy/farming-and-harvests/), over land and power-sharing; dormant. - Majeerteen sub-clans against each other in **Kismayo**; dormant. - Majeerteen (Darood) against the Cawrmale (a minority group) south of **Kismayo**, over land and resources, with armed clashes, deaths and displacement. ## South West State and Lower Shabelle - Gelidle (Mirifle) against [Dabarre](/en/society/dabarre/) ([Digil](/en/society/digil/)), in **Dinsoor**, Bay. - [Leysan](/en/society/leysan/) (Mirifle) against [South West State](/en/states/south-west-state/) security forces in **Bardaale**, [Burhakaba](/en/regions/bay/), Bay, over their ambition to lead the state. - [Gaaljecel](/en/society/gaaljecel/) (Hawiye) against Abgaal (Hawiye), between **[Afgooye](/en/regions/lower-shabelle/)** and **Wanlaweyn**. - Gaaljecel (Hawiye) against Shantalemod (Digil) and other Mirifle clans in **Wanlaweyn**. The report says the Gaaljecel set up checkpoints at Yaqbariweyne on the Mogadishu to Baidoa road. - Geledi (Digil) and Wacdaan (Hawiye) against Habar Gidir (Hawiye), in **Afgooye**. - Biyamal (Dir) against Habar Gidir (Hawiye), in **Marka**, where Biyamal, Digil, Benadiri and Bantu communities claim historical rights. - Garre against Jiido (both Digil), in **Qoryooley**. ## Hirshabelle - Abgaal against Hawadle (both Hawiye), around **Jalalaqsi** and **El Baraf**. - Hawadle (Hawiye) against Makane (Bantu), in **Beledweyne**. - Moobileen (Hawiye) against Shiidle (Bantu), in **Jowhar**. - Bantu clans against Badi Ade (Gugundhabe, Hawiye), in **Jalalaqsi**. - Makane (Bantu) against Jijeele (Gugundhabe, Hawiye), in **Beledweyne**. - Several Abgaal sub-clan disputes in **Adale**, **Jowhar** and **Warsheikh**. - Hawadle against Badi Ade in **Jalalaqsi**, and Hawadle sub-clans against Cayr (Habar Gidir) in **Matabaan**. - Faqay Omar (Dir) against Hawadle (Hawiye), in villages near **Beledweyne** by the Ethiopian border. ## Galmudug - Cayr against Duduble (both Habar Gidir, Hawiye), outside **Dhusamareb**. - Loboge (Sheekhaal) against Saleebaan Cabdalle (Surre, Dir), in Towfiiq and Afbarwaaqo, Mudug. - Surre (Dir) against Marehan (Darood), in **Abudwaq** and Laandheer. - Surre (Dir) opposing the new Galwaaq region, in **Heraale**. - Saleebaan (Habar Gidir) against Marehan, near **Abudwaq**; against Duduble near **Adaado**; and against Cayr near Cadaado and Dhusamareb. - Sacad (Habar Gidir) against Wagardhac (Marehan), around Dhabad and **Galinsoor**. - Cayr against Marehan, in **Balanbale**. - Ayaanle against Absiiye (both Cayr), in Laas-Xaadow, since 2018. - Murusade (Hawiye) against Cayr, from mid-2024, and against Duduble near **Ceelbuur**, where al-Shabaab stopped the fighting. ## Puntland - Sacad (Habar Gidir, Hawiye) against Leelkase (Darood), in **Galdogob** and Bandiiradley. They have clashed and carried out revenge killings for about 40 years, despite a reconciliation process begun in 2020. - Dhulbahante (Darood) against Omar Mahmoud (Majeerteen, Darood), around Adadda between Nugaal and Sool, feuding for decades. - Marehan against Sacad, west of **Galkayo**; dormant in February 2025. - Ciise Maxamuud (Majeerteen) against Dhulbahante, at Kalabayr, **Burtinle**. - Omar Mahmoud against Sacad, in Galkayo and Jariiban; dormant in February 2025. - Surre (Dir) against Sheekhaal, in **Jariiban** and **Hobyo**, with repeated clashes in 2023 and 2024 and mediation under way in February 2025. ## Sool, Sanaag and Buuhoodle - Dhulbahante (Darood) against Habar Yoonis (Isaaq), in **Erigabo** and **Aynabo**. - Dhulbahante against Habar Jeclo (Isaaq), in Aynabo and **Buuhoodle**. - Dhulbahante sub-clans against each other, in **Laascaanood**. - Habar Jeclo against Habar Yoonis (both Isaaq), in Erigabo and El Afweyn, with talks under way in March 2025. - Warsangeli sub-clans against each other, in Erigabo and **Lasqoray**. ## Somaliland - Habar Yoonis (Isaaq) against Ciise Muuse, in Ali Sahid village, **Burco**. - Dhulbahante against Soolomadow (Habar Jeclo), in **Qorilugud**. - Habar Jeclo against Habar Awal (both Isaaq), in Burco district. - Gadabursi (Dir) against Jibriil Abokor, Sacad Muuse and Habar Awal (Isaaq), in El Bardaale, **Gabiley**; dormant. The EUAA also lists electoral rivalries in **Hargeisa** and **Borama** that did not turn violent. ## Mogadishu ACLED recorded no clan-conflict incidents in Mogadishu in the period, and local sources confirmed this to the EUAA. ## Sources - European Union Agency for Asylum (2025). [COI Report Somalia: Country Focus](https://coi.euaa.europa.eu/administration/easo/PLib/2025_05_EUAA_COI_Report_Somalia_Country_Focus.pdf), section 1.5.1, "Mapping of major clan conflicts/feuds", based on ACLED data and expert interviews. - ACLED (Armed Conflict Location and Event Data). [Somalia data](https://acleddata.com/), curated data files, 21 March 2025, as used by the EUAA. --- I want to help with this: email hello@calankii.com. Fix this page: email hello@calankii.com with the page link and your source.