# Law and government

Source page: https://calankii.com/en/government/
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

- [Political parties laws of Somalia, 2016 and 2024](https://calankii.com/en/government/political-parties-law-somalia.md): Somalia's federal laws on political parties: the 2016 Political Parties Law, the 2024 law passed with the new election laws, the debate over limits on the number of parties, and party registration for the 2027 elections.
- [Waddani (Somaliland National Party)](https://calankii.com/en/government/waddani-party.md): Waddani, the Somaliland National Party: founding in 2012, leaders, every election result from 2012 to 2024, and its place among the three national parties.
- [Kulmiye (Peace, Unity and Development Party)](https://calankii.com/en/government/kulmiye-party.md): Kulmiye, Somaliland's Peace, Unity and Development Party: its founding in 2002, chairs, two presidents, and every election result from 2002 to 2024.
- [UCID (Justice and Welfare Party)](https://calankii.com/en/government/ucid-justice-and-welfare-party.md): UCID, Somaliland's Justice and Welfare Party (2001 to 2024): founder Faysal Ali Warabe, its social-democratic programme, every election result, and how it lost party status.
- [Kaah (Kaah Alliance for Equality and Development)](https://calankii.com/en/government/kaah-party.md): Kaah, Somaliland's newest national party: founding in 2022, its leader Mohamoud Hashi Abdi, the 2024 party contest, its alliance with Waddani and its positions since.
- [Constitution of Puntland](https://calankii.com/en/government/constitution-of-puntland.md): The Constitution of Puntland: the 1998 Garowe charter, the 2001 and 2012 texts, what the 2012 constitution contains, the 2023 amendments and the dispute around them.
- [Courts and judiciary of Somaliland](https://calankii.com/en/government/courts-of-somaliland.md): How Somaliland's courts work: the five levels of courts, the Supreme Court and its three roles, the Judicial Commission, the mix of Sharia, statute and xeer, and the history since British rule.
- [Justice and Solidarity Party (JSP)](https://calankii.com/en/government/justice-and-solidarity-party.md): Somalia's Justice and Solidarity Party: its launch in May 2025, leaders, membership figures, results in the 2025 and 2026 votes, and the criticism it has faced.
- [Somaliland passport](https://calankii.com/en/government/somaliland-passport.md): The Somaliland passport: history since 1996, the 2014 biometric version, who can get one, the fee, types, where it is accepted, and why many holders also carry a Somali passport.
- [Somaliland's election laws, 2001 to 2020](https://calankii.com/en/government/somaliland-elections-law.md): The laws behind Somaliland's elections: the 2001 presidential and local law and its six amendment schedules, the 2005 parliamentary law, the 2007 voter registration law, and the consolidated Law No. 19/2020.
- [Somali citizenship law: who is a Somali citizen](https://calankii.com/en/government/somali-citizenship-law.md): Somali citizenship law: Law No. 28 of 1962, citizenship by birth through the father, by grant, by marriage, losing it, dual citizenship, the 2012 constitution and the 2016 reform bill.
- [Tayo Political Party](https://calankii.com/en/government/tayo-party.md): Tayo, Farmaajo's party: its founding in 2012, its years in power from 2017 to 2022, its leaders, presidential results and its place in the opposition.
- [Somaliland citizenship law (Law No. 22/2002)](https://calankii.com/en/government/somaliland-citizenship-law.md): Somaliland's Citizenship Law of 2002: citizenship by birth, proof through a registered akil, grants to foreigners after 10 years, marriage, children, loss and re-acquisition, and the 1960 ordinance it builds on.
- [Union for Peace and Development (UPD) and the Peace and Development Party (PDP)](https://calankii.com/en/government/union-for-peace-and-development-party.md): Hassan Sheikh Mohamud's first two parties: the Peace and Development Party (2011) and the Union for Peace and Development (2018), their leaders, links and results.
- [Somaliland National Electoral Commission](https://calankii.com/en/government/somaliland-national-electoral-commission.md): Somaliland's National Electoral Commission: what it does, how its seven members are chosen, each commission since 2002 with House of Representatives votes, and the list of chairpersons.
- [Civil Registration and Vital Statistics (CRVS) law, Somalia](https://calankii.com/en/government/civil-registration-and-vital-statistics-law.md): The federal Civil Registration and Vital Statistics law of Somalia: what it covers, each step through Cabinet and both houses of Parliament from 2023 to 2025, and how it relates to the national ID system.
- [Laws of Somaliland: list of numbered laws since 1993](https://calankii.com/en/government/laws-of-somaliland.md): A list of Somaliland's numbered laws, 1993 to 2021, by subject: constitution and government, elections and parties, courts and crime, money and tax, business, the sea, and social laws, with links to each text.
- [Somalia v. Kenya: the sea border case at the International Court of Justice](https://calankii.com/en/government/somalia-v-kenya-icj-maritime-case.md): The ICJ case Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya), 2014 to 2021: the claims, the timeline, the ruling, the votes, the map and Kenya's response.
- [Samantar v. Yousuf: the US torture case against a former Somali Prime Minister](https://calankii.com/en/government/samantar-v-yousuf.md): The US case Samantar v. Yousuf, 2004 to 2014: who sued, the 2010 Supreme Court ruling on official immunity, the 2012 default, the US$21 million award and the appeals.
- [Data Protection Act 2023 (Law No. 005)](https://calankii.com/en/government/data-protection-act-2023.md): Somalia's Data Protection Act of 2023: who it covers, the rights it gives, rules on consent, children, breaches and transfers abroad, registration, penalties and the Data Protection Authority.
- [Juvenile Justice Law, Somalia](https://calankii.com/en/government/juvenile-justice-law.md): Somalia's Juvenile Justice Law (also called the Youth Justice Bill): what it sets up, its passage through both houses of Parliament in 2025, the 1970 law it updates, and the UN child rights recommendations behind it.
- [Sexual offences laws in Somaliland and Somalia](https://calankii.com/en/government/sexual-offences-laws.md): The history of rape and sexual offences laws in Somaliland (Law No. 78/2018 and Bill No. 78/2020) and in federal Somalia (the 2018 Sexual Offences Bill, the 2020 draft and the bill passed by the House of the People in October 2026).
- [Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF)](https://calankii.com/en/government/western-somali-liberation-front.md): The WSLF, 1976 to 1989: its roots in the 1963 rising, founding, leaders, brigades, role in the 1977–78 Ogaden War, the 1980s counter-insurgency, and the birth of the ONLF.
- [Cybersecurity and cybercrime laws, Somalia](https://calankii.com/en/government/cybersecurity-and-cybercrime-laws.md): Somalia's Cybersecurity Law and Cybercrime Bill: what each covers, the bodies they create, and each step through Cabinet, the House of the People and the Upper House from 2025 to 2026.
- [Somalia and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child](https://calankii.com/en/government/convention-on-the-rights-of-the-child-somalia.md): Somalia and the Convention on the Rights of the Child: ratification in 2015, reservations, the first UN review in 2022, and what the Committee found and recommended.
- [National Payment System law, Somalia](https://calankii.com/en/government/national-payment-system-law.md): Somalia's National Payment System law: the payment platform the Central Bank has run since 2021, what the 2025 bill does, its votes in both houses of Parliament, and the system's yearly figures.