# Temperature by region in Somalia, 1991 to 2023: 18 towns

> Yearly average, hottest and coolest month, and highest and lowest temperatures for the main town of each of Somalia's 18 regions, 1991 to 2023, from NASA POWER data.

Source page: https://calankii.com/en/data/temperature-by-region-1991-2023/
Last checked: 2026-11-12
Publisher: Calankii (https://calankii.com)

## Where these numbers come from

The figures come from **NASA POWER**, NASA's free service for weather and climate data, which draws its temperatures from the MERRA-2 reanalysis ([NASA POWER](https://power.larc.nasa.gov/); [NASA GMAO, MERRA-2](https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/)). Monthly air temperature at 2 metres was downloaded for the main town of each region, at the same points used on [Rain by region, 1991 to 2023](/en/data/rain-by-region-1991-2023/). "Normal" means the 1991 to 2020 average for that town. Every year for every town is in the data file `somalia-temperature-by-region-1991-2023.csv` on this page.

**What each figure covers.**

- **Grid squares:** each figure is for one MERRA-2 grid square, about 50 by 70 km. It is not a thermometer reading in the town.
- **Mogadishu and Marka:** they fall in the same grid square, so their figures are identical.
- **Highest and lowest:** these are the single highest and lowest readings in each year.

For the national average back to 1901, see [Rainfall and temperature, 1901 to 2023](/en/data/rainfall-and-temperature-1901-2023/).

## Average temperature by town

| Town | Region | Average 1991 to 2020 (°C) | 2014 to 2023 vs 1991 to 2000 (°C) | Highest reading (°C) | Lowest reading (°C) |
|---|---|---:|---:|---:|---:|
| Borama | Awdal | 22.3 | +0.8 | 37.7 | 4.9 |
| Hargeisa | Woqooyi Galbeed | 21.4 | +0.6 | 36.5 | 4.3 |
| Burao | Togdheer | 24.2 | +0.6 | 37.9 | 7.3 |
| Erigavo | Sanaag | 20.9 | +0.8 | 35.4 | 3.1 |
| Las Anod | Sool | 26.1 | +0.6 | 38.7 | 8.5 |
| Bosaso | Bari | 27.8 | +0.5 | 36.1 | 18.9 |
| Garowe | Nugaal | 26.6 | +0.7 | 39.8 | 10.3 |
| Galkayo | Mudug | 27.6 | +0.6 | 40.3 | 13.4 |
| Dhusamareb | Galgaduud | 28.1 | +0.5 | 40.4 | 15.0 |
| Beledweyne | Hiiraan | 28.3 | +0.3 | 41.3 | 15.2 |
| Jowhar | Middle Shabelle | 27.6 | +0.4 | 40.9 | 17.9 |
| Mogadishu | Banadir | 27.3 | +0.4 | 37.5 | 20.3 |
| Marka | Lower Shabelle | 27.3 | +0.4 | 37.5 | 20.3 |
| Baidoa | Bay | 26.8 | +0.3 | 41.1 | 15.7 |
| Xudur | Bakool | 26.3 | +0.2 | 40.7 | 14.3 |
| Garbahaarey | Gedo | 29.1 | 0.0 | 43.3 | 14.9 |
| Bu'aale | Middle Juba | 28.5 | +0.5 | 43.0 | 17.7 |
| Kismayo | Lower Juba | 27.8 | +0.6 | 38.6 | 21.5 |

The highest and lowest readings are the extremes for 1991 to 2023. Source: calculated from NASA POWER monthly data.

## The hottest and coolest months

- **North ([Awdal](/en/regions/awdal/), [Woqooyi Galbeed](/en/regions/woqooyi-galbeed/), [Sanaag](/en/regions/sanaag/), [Bari](/en/regions/bari/), [Nugaal](/en/regions/nugaal/)):** the hottest month is May or June, and the coolest is December or January. In Bosaso the June average is 31.6°C and the January average 23.6°C.
- **[Togdheer](/en/regions/togdheer/), [Sool](/en/regions/sool/), [Mudug](/en/regions/mudug/):** the hottest month is September.
- **South (from [Hiiraan](/en/regions/hiiraan/) to Lower [Juba](/en/economy/farming-and-harvests/)):** March, at the end of the dry Jilaal season, is the hottest month. July or August, in the cool, windy Xagaa season, is the coolest. In [Garbahaarey](/en/regions/gedo/) the March average is 32.1°C.

For the seasons, see [Gu and Deyr rains](/en/data/gu-and-deyr-rains-1950-2023/).

## Warm and cool years

These figures are the average across the 18 towns, compared with each town's own normal:

| Year | Difference from 1991 to 2020 (°C) |
|---|---:|
| 2019 | +0.7 |
| 2017 | +0.5 |
| 2009 | +0.5 |
| 2002 | +0.4 |
| 1996 | -0.5 |
| 1994 | -0.7 |
| 1993 | -0.8 |

In 2019, all 18 towns were warmer than normal, by 0.5 to 1.0°C. It was the warmest year of the period in 9 of the 18 towns. The 2019 [Deyr](/en/economy/pastoralism-in-somalia/) rains were also above normal in all 18 towns, at 112 to 341 percent of normal; see [Rain by region](/en/data/rain-by-region-1991-2023/).

## How these figures compare

- **NASA POWER and ERA5:** they are both reanalyses, which rebuild past weather from satellites, stations and a weather model. Their figures for the same town can differ, so compare like with like.
- **Station records:** Somalia's weather station records have long gaps since 1991. The FAO's Somalia Water and Land Information Management project ([SWALIM](/en/institutions/fao-somalia/)) holds and publishes station and climate data ([FAO SWALIM](https://www.faoswalim.org/)).

## How to use it

- **Download the data:** the file has one row per town and year.
- **Compare with rainfall:** match each row to the same town and year on the rain page.
- **Check the source:** NASA POWER lets anyone download the same data for any point.

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